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EN
The text is a commentary on the book Modalności modernizmu (“Modalities of Modernism”) by Włodzimierz Bolecki which is regarded here as a pioneer synthesis. The authors bring attention to Bolecki’s model of thinking about Central and Eastern European modernism and ponder about the new perspectives that this model opens up. Special emphasis is put on the questions of methodology and training of a new generation of interpreters who should be equipped with the competences essential for conducting this type of research. Also, the attention is brought to cognitive benefits resulting from the perspective combining the description of the typical features of not only Polish modernism but also the Modernisms of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and especially, which is ever more evident in this context, not self-evident, unique character of Polish literature of the 19th and 20th centuries and the Polish turn towards modern culture in the studies of the recent decades. A broader presentation of a regional perspective which is suggested in the book by Bolecki, could help to explain the empty space on the map of parallel transformations in close, and yet individually different countries of the region, forcing us to revise our previous ways of thinking about literature and culture of modernism, as well as the languages of its description.
PL
Autor artykułu analizuje poszczególne stanowiska badaczy zajmujących się tematyką religijną w twórczości Brunona Schulza, m.in. Artura Jocza, Krisa Van Heuckeloma, Marcina Całbeckiego, Władysława Panasa, Włodzimierza Boleckiego czy Jerzego Jarzębskiego, który twierdzi, że pisarz był „wierzącym bez religii”. Studia nad wątkami religijnymi w dziele Schulza mają wiele aspektów. W artykule omówione są np. motywy gnostyckie (ze względu na ich wydźwięk heretycki), bałwochwalstwo (w cyklu rycin "Xięga bałwochwalcza"), matriarchalne hierofanie (opowiadanie "Sierpień") oraz perspektywy interpretacyjne, jak nietzscheańska dionizyjskość czy kabała luriańskia. Artykuł stanowi także m.in. próbę odpowiedzi na pytania: jakie znaczenie mają mityzacja, demiurgia czy twórczość w świecie Schulza, kim jest jego Mesjasz?
EN
The article analyses the individual research views on the religious themes in Bruno Schulz’s literary output formulated by Artur Jocz, Kris Van Heuckelom, Marcin Całbecki, Władysław Panas, Włodzimierz Bolecki or Jerzy Jarzębski. The last of the scholars claims that Schulz was “a believer without religion.” Studies in the issue in question have numerous aspects. The present paper discusses e.g. gnostic motives (due to their heretical implications), idolatry (in the cycle of prints “Xięga bałwochwalcza” <”Book of Idolatry”>), matriarchal hierophanies (the short story “Sierpień” <”August”>), as well as such interpretive perspectives as Nietzschean Dionysity or Lurianic Kabbalah. The paper also attempts to answer the questions about the meaning of mythisation, demiurge or creativity in Schulz’s world and who his Messiah is.
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