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EN
The architectural competition for the Museum of the History of the Jews in Poland was held in two stages. The first, open stage encompassed entries of assorted architects together with their dossiers and with particular attention paid to existing museums. The documentation could also include reflections on the manner of understanding and interpreting the competition tasks. The first elimination selected 119 out of a total of 250 entries. Ultimately, 11 architects or teams were classified for the second stage: Daniel Libeskind - born in Poland, the author of the Jewish Museum in Berlin (1999); Peter Eisenman - American author of, i.a., the Wexner Center for the Visual Arts and the Library of Fine Arts at Ohio University (1989, 1993 the AIA awards); Kengo Kuma - awarded in, i.a. Italy (2001) for his project of the Stone Museum; Zvi Hecker - born in Poland - author of the Jewish school in Berlin and, first and foremost, the Palmach History Museum in Tel-Aviv; Lahdelma & Mahlamaki - Finnish designers (projects of the Forest Museum in Punkaharju (1994) and the Folk Arts Centre (1997) in Kaustinen); David Chipperfield - an English designer known for, i. a. the River & Rowing Museum in Henley (1998); Andrzej Bulanda and Wlodzimierz Mucha - two Polish designers i.a. of the BRE Bank in Bydgoszcz (1999) and the modernisation of the Old Paper Mill in Konstancin-Jeziorna for the purposes of a shopping centre; DDJM Co. Ltd. – Polish firm - designers of the Monument of the Belzec Death Camp, including a museum; Casanova+Hernandez Architects - Spanish winners of awards and distinctions, i.a. for the Canary Island Museum and the Tittot Artistic Glass Museum in Taipei; Weinmiller Architecten - German authors of, i.a., project of redesigning the Academy of Fine Arts in Hamburg (2002); Josep Lluis Mateo - MAP Architects - designers of the Contemporary Art Museum and auditorium in Castelo Branco (Portugal), and the St. Jordi University in Barcelona. The contestants were presented with the task of devising a conception of a building that would correspond to the functional requirements of its utilitarian programme. Particular attention was devoted to the possibility of arranging the main exhibition within the designed shape. At the same time, the proposed building, with its supreme architecture and an easily distinguishable and characteristic form, should become one of the Jewish symbols of contemporary Warsaw. First prize was presented to the Finnish team, and three distinctions went to: Kengo Kuma (Japan), Daniel Libeskind (USA) and Zvi Hecker (Germany). The Finnish project was recognised as the best due to its concise form, inner modular organisation, and definition of the dramatic public space surrounding the Monument of the Heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto. Special emphasis was placed on opening the interior onto the Monument and a park. The dramatically arched space with the texture of limestone, lit from above, is to symbolise the parting of the Red Sea - with all the associations relating to Polish-Jewish history.
EN
The competition held by the Jewish Historical Institute for a project of the Warsaw Museum of the History of the Jews in Poland was an important event in Polish artistic life. The erection of the Museum will be also of relevance for museums all over the world since it proposed an entirely new formula of portraying the history of the Jewish nation living in one of the European states. The Warsaw museum will not limit itself to presenting the tragedy of the Holocaust, in the manner of, e. g. the Holocaust Museum in Washington, or the life and annihilation of Jews-residents of a single city, as in the case of the Jewish Museum in Berlin. Its intention is to enable the public to become acquainted with the history of the Jewish nation and the diversity of its culture, created in Polish lands for almost a thousand years. The project envisages a modern multimedia education and culture centre, whose formula will be distant from a traditional museum based on a display of its collections and exhibits. The public and service-commercial programmes will be linked by means of entrance and inner communication spaces, and include: a permanent exhibition on an area of 4200 sq. metres, changing exhibitions, an educational centre, a library and a mediatheque, a multimedia hall for Jewish communes, a children's playroom, a multi-functional auditorium, and projection rooms. The service-commercial programme will encompass a restaurant, a snack bar, shops intended for museum visitors and local residents, and parking lots. The selection of the best competition projects was determined by the merits of the functional-utilitarian programme as well as the qualities represented by the architectural form, the ability of blending the new building into the surrounding, and the symbolic contents of the building's architecture. The authors focused on the Holocaust tragedy which transpired in this area, the heroism of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, and the ghetto's final levelling to the ground. The point of reference for the projects was the Monument of the Heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto, commemorating the tragedy of the Warsaw Jews and unveiled in 1948 - one of the best recognised worldwide icons associated with Warsaw and the history of the Jews in Poland. The characteristic features of the winning project proposed by the Finnish Lahdelma and Mahlamaki Architects team include a highly meticulous inner modular organisation, flexibly planned spaces surrounding the central part of the building, and a startling design of the public space around the Monument of the Heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto. One of the striking suggestions is a dramatic split along the whole height of the regular cubicoid of the building's solid - a recollection of the parting of the Yam Suph Sea which enabled the Israelites to safely pass to the Promised Land. In this manner, the authors included into the architecture a Biblical event to revive the memory of the centuries-old history of the Polish Jews and to celebrate a ritual of a transition to a new epoch for both our nations.
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