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Noble nihilism and a classic query of political philosophy. The distinction between facts and values in the political thinking of Max Weber

100%
Marczewski P.
Civitas. Studia z filozofii polityki (Civitas. Studies on politics philosophy)
|
2007
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issue 10
204-231
EN
In his essay 'Science as a Vocation' Max Weber wrote that the fate of our epoch, characterised by a rationalisation and intellectualisation proper to it, together, primarily, with the fact that we need no longer have recourse to magical means, consists of the disappearance from public life of the ultimate and most sublime values. They may be found in the non-wordly domain of mysticism or in the brotherhood of direct relations binding individuals. The ultimate consequence of subjecting a political order to a scientific rationalisation is the withdrawal from public life into the sphere of religious contemplation or into privacy, the narrow circle of the family and the closest of friends. This means, in fact, the end of politics, at least in its classic form as described by Aristotle. Politics ceases to be an instrument used to solve the problems of the community and becomes a problem in its own right, needing to be solved with the help of science, the only instrument regarded as capable of overcoming any difficulty.
2
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IDEÁLNÍ TYPY V DÍLE MAXE WEBERA

80%
Kubátová H.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2012
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vol. 44
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issue 2
159 – 178
EN
This paper is divided into two parts. The first focuses on inserting the ideal-type into the context of Weber’s conception of social reality and methodology. Weber’s conception of the ideal-type is compared with Durkheim’s conception of the social type. The second part of the paper is devoted to Weber’s ideal-type as a methodological construct. It relies on a general definition of the ideal-type and also on a conception of different kinds of the ideal-type: the historical (genetic) ideal-type, the general sociological ideal-type, and the ideal-type of social action. Attention is paid to differences and similarities between these different kinds of the ideal-type. Finally, two applications of the ideal-type are given.
3
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AUTHORITY IN SOCIAL SCIENCES. REMARKS ON MAX WEBER'S AND JERZY SZACKI'S WORKS (Autorytet w naukach spolecznych. Uwagi poczynione w zwiazku z lektura dziel Maxa Webera i Jerzego Szackiego)

80%
Olbromski C.
Rocznik Lubuski
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2008
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vol. 34
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issue 2
111-122
EN
The idea of authority is one of the most important issues of Max Weber's thought, and yet this idea plays a very important role in Jerzy Szacki's works and sociological research. The author examines this concept in both cases. Some conceptual problems of authority in social sciences are discussed in the paper, in which the author assumes that the issue of authority is strictly connected with the problem of the objectivity/intersubjectivity of cognition in social sciences.
4

MARX A WEBER O METÓDE ABSTRAKCIE (I)

80%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2016
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vol. 71
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issue 9
771 - 778
EN
Based on primary sources, the paper reconstructs the method of abstraction used by two founding figures of modern social science: Karl Marx and Max Weber. According to both thinkers, this method plays a key role in social science. But although their views on the nature of the method are largely identical, the paper describes important differences between them in terms of (i) the cognitive goals with which the method is applied, (ii) the epistemic status of the results of its application, (iii) the criteria of correct application of the method and (iv) the supposed relation of abstraction to the distinction between the natural and the social sciences. This first part of the paper deals with the notion of abstraction which underpins Marxʼs “critique of political economy”.
5

THE PROTESTANT ETHIC AND MODERNITY - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH AND BEYOND WEBER

80%
Eisenstadt S. N.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2006
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vol. 50
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issue 3
219-240
EN
In this lecture given at the Congress of the German Sociological Society in November 2004 in Munchen in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the publication of the Max Weber's book 'Protestant Ethic' the author put the question, what is the significance, if any, Weber's comparative civilizational analysis for the analysis of modernity, especially of the contemporary world of multiple modernities and intensive globalization. Answering this question he uses Weberian conception of axial civilization. In conclusion he says that his own analysis, while going beyond Weber, builds very much on his vision and insight, although the concrete contours of the contemporary situation naturally differs greatly from those of the societies Weber studied.
6

MARX A WEBER O METÓDE ABSTRAKCIE (II)

80%
Halas J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2016
|
vol. 71
|
issue 10
809 – 820
EN
In the second part of his paper, the author reconstructs Weber’s notion of the method of abstraction, especially as related to so-called ideal types. Similarly to the previous part, the author focuses on the cognitive goals, with which the application of the method is associated, the epistemic status of the results of its application, the criteria of the correct application of the method and the supposed relation between abstraction and the natural/social sciences distinction. Deriving from the comparison of Marx’s and Weber’s views on abstraction he shows that the contributions of both thinkers confirm the hypothesis that analytic (non-empirical) methods of abstraction and idealization, as used in the social sciences, do not in principle differ from similar procedures used in the natural sciences.
7

HOBBES AS A PHILOSOPHER OF POWER

70%
Riška A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 7
511-519
EN
This essay is devoted to a critical analysis of the theory of power of Thomas Hobbes, as he presented it especially in his masterpiece, Leviathan (1651). Considering new contributions to this theme (M. Weber, B. Russell, C. W. Mills, A. Goldman, S. Lukes, etc.), author strives to explicate Hobbes' ideas by means of such concepts as desire, interest, causation, as well as the right of nature and liberty. Special attention is being paid to the question of social contract and sovereign power, in which author sees a danger of a totalitarian grip on power.
8
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STATUSOVÉ USPORIADANIE SLOVENSKEJ SPOLOČNOSTI

61%
Bunčák J., Hrabovská A., Sopóci J.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2018
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vol. 50
|
issue 1
5 – 30
EN
The theoretical basis of this article is Max Weber´s distinction between class and status as related but different forms of social stratification. Tak Wing Chan and John Goldthorpe proved that this distinction is conceptually cogent and empirically important in the study of today´s modern societies. We follow their approach in our attempt to identify a status order in present-day Slovak society. We analysed the occupational structure of spouses (partners in marriages): empirical results show that there is one dimension of this structure that can be interpreted as reflecting a hierarchy of status. The status order we identify is different to income, education and socioeconomic status. An analysis of the relationship between the status hierarchy and the class structure has shown that while some classes show a rather high degree of status homogeneity, in other classes status stratification is quite extensive. Similarly to the findings of Chan and Goldthorpe, our results also show that the Weber´s distinction between status and class remains valid and empirically beneficial.
9

K PREDPOKLADOM A SÚVISLOSTIAM FAKTU V SOCIÁLNOM POZNANÍ

51%
Sedová T.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 7
613-624
EN
The paper examines the nature of the social fact in social knowledge on the background of the differences between sciences and social sciences. The applied approach is historical (E. Durkheim, M. Weber, M. Mauss, J. Searle), as well as one based on differentiation between Humean conception of fact and the conceptions, in which facts are seen as determining the truth values of our propositions. Intentionality and the structure of social facts in terms of Searle's construction of the social are underlined as well as the weakness of his conception. In conclusion it is asserted that the construction of facts in social sciences is impossible without psychological vocabulary and concepts, which contents are conceived - contrary to Searle's internalism - in terms of externalism.
10

SOCIOLOGY: HISTORICAL ROOTS AND CONTEMPORARY TRANSFORMATIONS (the textbook chapter) (Sotsiologia: istorychni vytoky ta suchasni transformatsii)

51%
Kutuev P.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
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2009
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issue 3
183-206
EN
The chapter seeks to identify the historical roots of sociological knowledge and its contemporary transformations. The chapter traces the origins of sociology as a separate discipline. Sociology's subject-matter is also discussed. Based on new publications utilizing archival data, the chapter claims that the term 'sociology' was suggested by E. J. Sieyes (1749-1836) in his manuscript circa 1780. The chapter makes extensive use of M. Weber's insights into the nature of sociology as an empirical discipline ordering the chaotic universe according to ultimate values of a researcher. The chapter also advocates the centrality of classical thinkers and their texts for the discourse of contemporary sociology. The chapter suggests I. Lakatos' methodology of research programs as a tool for grasping the evolution of sociological knowledge. The text discusses how sociology was transforming under the impact of global social transformations, while contributing to them. The sources of sociology's original Eurocentrism are identified. The chapter also discusses the tasks of sociology today and outlines the prospects of its development.
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