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1

POSLEDNÝ SOVIETSKY EASTERN

100%
Ciel M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 6
504 – 507
EN
Alexander Proškin along with the screenwriter Edgar Dubrovský changed the Soviet eastern paradigm in 1987. All the previous ones had been set in the times of the Civil War or immediately afterwards. “The Cold Summer of 1953”, as it stands out from the title, does not. Always, the eastern had been set in the wildest period of the Soviet history and the intense heroism of that period in order to create an attractive dramatic situation (Biele slnko púšte /The White Sun of the Desert/, Nikto nechcel umierať /Nobody Wanted to Die/, Transsibírsky expres /Transsiberian Express/, Svoj medzi cudzími, cudzí medzi svojmi /Alone Amongst Strangers, Alone Amongst Fellows/, Svieť, svieť, hviezda moja /Shine, Shine, My Star/ etc. It was not possible to depict the 1950s as a negative „wild“ situation until the mid-1980s (actually, it was, soon after the 20th Party Congress, but it did not last long and it led to persecution of many including Solzhenitsyn).
2

MEDZI PATRIOTIZMOM WESTERNU A SOCIÁLNOU CITLIVOSŤOU EASTERNU. PRIESTOR VÝCHODNÝCH KARPÁT V ČESKEJ PRÓZE 20. STOROČIA

88%
Passia R.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 6
488 – 494
EN
The study focuses on identifying the western motifs and syuzhets in Czech fiction of the 20th century set in the territory of the East Carpathians. The motif and space constants of the western in Czech prose of the 20th century written about this territory are not coincidental, arbitrary, on the contrary, their presence is logically related to the semiotic status of the East Carpathian border region, i.e. the established image of this geographical area in Central European cultures. The motif invariants of the western as a genre and of the East Carpathian border region overlap, e.g. both of the invariants feature the border as a phenomenon, the conflict between the archaic and the modern and the conflict between the local and the strange. The Czech prose of the 20th century reflects on this territory by means of two essential patterns, that of the western (conservative-patriotic) and that of the eastern (socially conscious).
3
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Problem Zagłady w ujęciu Giorgio Agambena

75%
Miniszewski M.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2011
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vol. 12
235-257
EN
In my paper I present Giorgio Agamben’s critical approach to state of emergency which is the paradigm of modern politics. Concentration camps are a special case of State of Emergency as areas where, by law, the rules of law are not applicable anymore. It causes a paradoxical situation which allows for the exclusion of people placed in camps from any order of rules of law. Agamben writes that the process of formation of concentration camps lasted throughout all the Western Civilization. The instance of excluding (bando) and its manifestation as concentration camps is constitutive for this process. This generates a contaminated notion of “Bandit” (bandito) and “Outlaw” (bannitus) in one. This conceptual conjunction causes political indistinguishability of excluded human being from an ordinary criminal because of his political or biological uselessness. Agamben’s considerations lead to the conclusion that formation of State of Emergency in an area of political state is an attempt to reconstruct “State of Nature” within Hobbes’ understanding. This is possible because of ambivalence of human life understood as Political Life (βιοc) and Biological Life (ζωή) – this division originates from Ancient Greece. Agamben calls the procedure of splitting “The Antropological Machine”. Agambenian analyses are for me a starting point not only for reflection upon events of mass extermination, but, in the first place, for a critical approach towards the colonial era which allowed for mass extermination in the modern era at all, but first authorizing itself within ideological concepts of Western civilization, and legitimizing itself by means of Western civilization.
4

O bohaterach Pogranicza i fascynacji XIX-wiecznym amerykańskim Zachodem

75%
Parafianowicz H.
Studia Podlaskie
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2013
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vol. 21
181-193
EN
Americans are interested in the American Borderland, its mysterious and romantic heroes as well as potential settlers, writers, journalists, politicians, artists, and historians in the course of time. Thanks to writing of some authors such as James Filmore Cooper, Mark Twain, Owen Wister, historical stories, films (mostly western), most heroes from Frontiers (positive and negative) are in American consciousness to these days. Legendary characters of Frontiers were also commemorated on US postage stamps, songs, poetry, paintings (George Catlin – Indian subject and Charles M. Russell), drawings, graphics, lithographs (Frederic Remington), also documentary photographs, permanently romantic vision of the West and its characters. American Borderland and its heroes also fascinated European people including Poles, what was exemplified in contemporary publicity and travel books. These works contributed largely to spread the ideas about the colonization and the mythologization of the American West.
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