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EARLY ROMAN PERIOD BURIALS OF PÚCHOV CULTURE: BURIED NATIVES OR OFFERED FOREIGNERS?

100%
Pieta K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2019
|
vol. 67
|
issue 2
241 – 286
EN
The study presents and analyses materials from two hillforts located in North-Western Slovakia, where the Early Roman Age skeletal graves were discovered. At that time, Púchov culture hillforts disappeared abruptly. Significant changes in ethnical composition as well as in power structure led to the modification of settlement structure in the Western Carpathians. Numerous pieces of weaponry, inventories and hoards show that both hillforts analysed in this paper were destroyed in the first decades of the Current Era. Inventories of graves containing Noric-Pannonian attire can be attributed to the same period. So far, we do not know any cemeteries or graves of members of the culture dated back to the younger La Tène and Early Roman Periods. There are only sacrificial sites with dominating cremation rituals. Female burials found on the slopes below the fortifications in Bytča-Hrabové and in Mikušovce belong – together with the older finds from Púchov – to unique finds attributed to the culture. Judging by the position of the deceased and detected fatal injuries, we can assume that these burials reflect some previously unknown ritual practices. The question of whether the deceased were members of the local culture or rather new colonisers – presumably coming from the Noricum milieu -  will be answered by prepared DNA and Isotope analyses.
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KONCEPCIA ČASU A PRIESTORU OSADY Z NESKOREJ DOBY LATÉNSKEJ NA ZÁKLADE GIS ANALÝZY STAVEBNÝCH POZOSTATKOV

84%
Andrísek Ľ., Benediková L.
Študijné zvesti
|
2012
|
issue 51
7 - 34
EN
The present stratigraphic analysis of the in situ settlement remains was based on the documentation of the habitation area at Liptovská Mara IV -Vlašky excavated in 1972 and 1998. It was inhabited from the end of the Early La Tène Period to the end of the Early Roman Period. The main concept of the article uses a separate display of various attributes of selected archaeological remains in GIS environment. Also the previous interpretation and reconstruction of the settlement was derived from horizontal relationships of stones and postholes. Exposed settlement remains were analysed and evaluated in four separate clusters represented by stone and posthole concentrations. The clusters could have been defined as specific areas of everyday activities – outside and inside movement, storing, rest area, food preparation, production activities. The stone pavement with a noticeably low density of the settlement garbage (pottery, bones, daub) indicates the areas of an intense movement (such as roads and sidewalks) and correlation of both components (paving and garbage) points to the original purpose of the particular area (communication, roofed storage and production areas). In the previous analysis (Benediková 1999) were the uncovered stone structures at Liptovská Mara IV -Vlašky attributed to one period habitation area dated to the Late La Tène Period (LTD ) with the possibility of the settlement duration up to the beginning of the 1st century AD (B1a stage of the Roman Period). However, the GIS based analysis, presented in this article, revealed a possible superposition of the structures at the site. In cluster 1, a partial superposition of the house with oven, built above an earlier house with a different orientation, and at the same time – below a structure in its north-western surroundings – is possible. This superposition was not recognizable by bare eye in field and was neither revealed in previous interpretation. In cluster 3, the earlier structures were later overlaid by a stone-paved road – both elements initially seemed to belong to chronologically and strati graphically monolithic layer. As shown, using GIS contributed to definition of other possible variants of reconstruction of the site at Vlašky. The chosen approach has proven beneficial also by the comparison with the other selected sites from the Bronze Age to the Early Roman Period in Europe that used stone as one of the best accessible raw materials.
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