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NÁLEZY SEVERSKÉHO PÔVODU NA POHREBISKU Z DOBY RÍMSKEJ V ZÁVODE

100%
Bazovský I.
Študijné zvesti
|
2023
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vol. 70
|
issue 1
71 – 79
EN
In 2017, a burial site destroyed by forestry works was discovered in Závod (Malacky dist.). Burials took place here mainly in the 2nd and the first half of the 3rd century. Among the finds from the second half of the 2nd century (B2/C1), artefacts of foreign provenance are numerously represented. They have parallels in the areas north of the Central Danube Barbaricum, especially in the burial sites of the Przeworsk culture. Whether this is evidence of long-distance trade, cultural influence or minor ethnic movements is a matter of debate.
2

A GREAT-MORAVIAN SETTLEMENT IN BRANC (Velkomoravske sidlisko z Branca)

100%
Hanuliak M., Vladar J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2008
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vol. 56
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issue 1
81-102
EN
A settlement dated to the Great Moravian period on the right bank of the old Nitra River was a part of a multicultural finding place situated at the south border of Branc village. Four underground shelters, four pit-like farmstead features and three graves were excavated there. In addition to common elements of basic characteristics, differences in types of heating equipment - hearth, stone oven and clay oven - were found in three residential underground shelters. Their inhabitants are assumed to use merits emerging from the chosen type of heating equipment for heating and lighting up the interiors and for cooking as well. A shelter with no heating equipment was probably used for purposes connected with farming and manufacturing. Construction of a shelter's parts over the ground could consist of a roof and timber walls. If there were no walls, a saddlebacked roof rested right on the ground. Subterranean features of different shapes and size were used as a roasting pit, grain storage pit and other storage pits. The grave units excavated were two graves and a deceased individual at the grain storage pit bottom. The graves were not a part of a regular necropolis, since they were scatter about the settlement area. Discovered artefacts are very sporadic and only seven types of finds, among which fragments of pot-shaped vessels are the most numerous, represent them. Information value of this collection of finds is considerably limited and gives no possibility of reliable dating of the settlement that can be hypothetically put to the last third of the 9th cent. This dating corresponds with the number of dwellings and their assumed farming activities. Situating of the features around the area indicates uninterrupted one-phase development of the settlement. Number of permanently inhabitable underground shelters signifies three couples with their descendants could live in the area at the same time. The community could have approximately 15 members. The grain storage pit can support the appraisal, as the grain inside was sufficient for food of the given number of individuals.
3

MIGRATION PERIOD FINDS FROM CÍFER-PÁC

100%
Rajtár J., Zábojník J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue suppl 2
371 - 378
EN
The paper presents three artefacts from the Migration Period collected by systematic survey at the settlement Cífer-Pác. They are the fragments of two fibulas with triangular headplate, which can be dated to the period around half of the 5th c. and the thorn of buckle probably from the same period. The analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) showed that all of them were made from the alloy of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) with the admixture of lead (Pb), therefore from the lead brass. Together with some of the older findings, as settlement feature with silver gold-coated fibula with three knobs on the head and also recently found cemetery with the finding of fibula of type Prša-Levice, they fill up the mosaic of settlement of this site in the migration period.
4

POHREBISKO Z 9. STOROČIA V NITRE-DOLNÝCH KRŠKANOCH

100%
Hanuliak M., Chropovský B.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 2
287 – 365
EN
The study presents results obtained from the analysis of 54 graves. They were examined in the western and eastern part of the burial place in 1976. The central part and peripheral sections were not uncovered. In spite of it, it is clear that the graves were placed in eight groups that were filled with different intensity. The components of the burial rite have almost uniform appearance. Deviations from the standard placement of body remains are not of higher intensity; their more frequent occurrence is missing. This also applies to the shape and size of grave pits in full extent. Remains of wooden constructions of different types are even rarer. Exceptional defense practices performed on the buried individuals were in line with the then pre-Christian principles. Their influence was manifested also during demarcation of the orientation of the deceased, at placement of the burial place in the local natural environment. The composition of the burial inventory, which is represent by 30 main types and their variants, brings lower quality of knowledge. The value of knowledge is lowered by marked occurrence of representatives from the group of ritual character and daily requirements. Their dating ability is very low up to negligible. Earrings of the so called danubian and veligradian jewellery types do not bring information of better quality as well. Their specimen does not occur in stable combinations with other objects. They are situated in graves placed in two parts of the necropolis that are separated by the uncovered part. Burying in the burial place can be dated only in general into the first and second half of 9th c. because of lack of data at disposal. We are not able to determine how long the burial place was used as we have neither the initial nor the final section at disposal. With definitive validity it is also not possible to confirm the continuous process of burying, which was noticed only as indication, directed from the western to eastern part of the necropolis. However, in spite of the limited quality of input data it is possible to sort out a small group of individuals with higher or more prestigious status in the local community.
5
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NÁLEZY KERAMICKÝCH FAJOK Z ARCHEOLOGICKÝCH VÝSKUMOV A PROSPEKCIÍ NA SLOVENSKU II

100%
Čurný M., Mitáš V., Šimčík P., Žáčik M.
Študijné zvesti
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2013
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issue 54
189 - 209
EN
In the second part of the series dedicated to the finds of clay pipes from archaeological excavations and prospection in Slovakia (Čurný/Šimčík/Bielich 2013), the authors have focused on evaluation of the pipes in middle and upper Nitra region deposited in the collections of the Tribeč museum in Topoľčany. This source base was built gradually from the 50´s of last century and the latest accruals have extended it on the present. Collected pipes are subjected to formalized description and subsequently evaluated. The contribution brings the historical and economic excursion into the issue of production and use of pipes on the monitored territory in the 17th up to 20th century.
6

POHREBISKO Z 10. – 11. STOROČIA V NITRE-HORNÝCH KRŠKANOCH

100%
Hanuliak M., Chropovský B.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 1
113 – 193
EN
The cemetery lies on the edge of historical core of Nitra. There were found 101 graves. Their number is not complete, part of graves was destroyed by ground works and the oldest parts of cemetery were not excavated. The structure of cemetery consists of nine groups of graves localised in three parallel lines. Manifestations of burial customs are homogenous. Only three unusual positions of upper extremities and four graves with manifestation of pre-Christian defensive practices make an exception. Typological analysis of artefacts contributed to chronological specification of burial limited by the beginning of 10th c. and turn of 10th and 11th c. Information about local community was significantly restricted by absent results of professionally evaluated anthropological material. Intensity of burying gradually descended according to demographic analysis. It is possible that the end of cemetery was connected with removal of settlement to other locality. Observation of social stratification of individuals was restricted to seven graves with excessive measurements of grave pits. Deceased with higher rank could have been laid in them. Cemetery was created by members of local Slavic population in the end of Great Moravian period. Their ethnicity was not changed when they started to use limited amount of artefacts of Hungarian origin or later when using material filling of Bijelo Brdo culture. We cannot exclude, despite this fact, that individuals of Hungarian origin could have been exceptionally included in the community. Proofs of acceptation of Christianity are absent in grave material.
7

DAWN OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE IN SOUTH-WEST ERN SLOVAKIA. A RE-EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND CHRONOLOGY OF VÝČAPY-OPATOVCE

88%
Wilkes F., Skorna H.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 1
63 – 80
EN
This paper deals with the chronology and social structure of the Early Bronze Age cemetery of Výčapy-Opatovce (Slovakia/Nitra district). Six radiocarbon dates are presented for the Nitra culture cemetery, which date Výčapy-Opatovce to the very beginning of the Early Bronze Age (2300/2200 – 1500/1400 BCE), roughly contemporaneous with the first phases of the Branč cemetery (Nitra district). A small group of graves originally attributed to the Copper Age Ludanice group also seem to date at least partially to the Bronze Age. The results of the radiocarbon dating do not support a chronological division of the cemetery. Applying a burial index (Z-transformation), five grave clusters were identified within the cemetery. These concentrations of richly furnished graves are separated from each other by poor graves. Two of the clusters could be dated by the radiocarbon dates and demonstrated different areas at the burial ground were used at the same time. The authors conclude that in particular the chronological burial site model of Ch. Bernard, which she proposed in 2005 for Výčapy-Opatovce, should be rejected. The combination of the results of the analysis of the grave indices and radiocarbon dates for Výčapy-Opatovce argues for a division of the cemetery into social groups, as initially suggested by A. Točík.
8
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SOCIO-EKONOMICKÁ KOMPOZÍCIA SPOLOČNOSTI A JEJ VPLYV NA TERITORIÁLNE VZORCE VOLEBNÉHO SPRÁVANIA: PRÍPADOVÁ ŠTÚDIA REGIÓNOV ZÁPADNÉHO SLOVENSKA

88%
Plešivčák M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 46
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issue 1
25 – 59
EN
The electoral behaviour is a subject to a vast scale of social, political, economic, psychological and geographical determinants ultimately influencing citizens during the elections. One option how to analyse this phenomenon is built up on the theory of social cleavages that inevitably affect the political relations within society. Therefore the election results are significantly differentiated depending on given space and temporal context. This article try to measure five socio-economic factors as ethnicity, religiosity, age, education and unemployment considering their influence on spatial pattern of electoral behaviour in given territorial units – at the state wide level of the Slovak Republic, but mainly its partial regions. For this reason, analytical instruments of spatial econometrics are applied, which pose the most appropriate tools to examine aggregate data duly regarding the geographical nexus of presented phenomena. The Spatial Durbin model is utilised for evaluating the linkage between socio-economic determinants of electoral behaviour and parliamentary elections' results held in Slovak Republic after 1998. In this paper we focus on the extent of repressor ś explanatory power forming the territorial picture of electoral outcomes in western part of the country and define the socio-political profile of regions, which are situated there.
9

OSUD SLOVENSKÝCH POSÁDEK V OKUPOVANÉM ZÁPADOSLOVENSKÉM ÚZEMÍ

88%
Pejs O.
Vojenská história
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2019
|
vol. 23
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issue 1
45 - 68
EN
In March 1939, the German Army occupied a part of the western Slovak territory up to the Váh River. The German battalions blocked the Slovak troops in the places of their dislocation, interning a part of soldiers in the barracks and starting to carry away the military material, equipment and armament from the occupied territory. They ignored the protests from the Slovak State civil and military authorities. The author maps the procedure of the occupational German battalions and focuses on the military situation in individual Slovak garrisons. The article presents the crude German pressure to clear the occupied territory, to which the Slovak part surrendered in April 1939.The evacuation of several Slovak garrisons is also described. In spite of the German disapproval, the Slovak symbolic crew guards remained in the occupied territory, however without any actual combat value. Finally, in May 1939, the Germans agreed to bilateral negotiations on the status and border of the occupied territory free of the Slovak military presence.
10
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ENEOLITICKÁ MEDENÁ INDUSTRIA Z OKOLIA CHTELNICE

88%
Farkaš Z.
Študijné zvesti
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 2
217 - 226
EN
When searching for the context to the accidental find of a copper raw material lump in the Little Carpathians near the village of Chtelnica in western Slovakia, an unexpectedly intense settlement of some local upland sites in the Early and probably also Middle Eneolith was documented. There is no evidence of fortification at the sites so far. They can be associated with the discovery of nine copper tools – two from a hoard. Intense interest in this area of the Little Carpathians can also be observed in the Late and Final Bronze Age.
11

NÁLEZ BRONZOVEJ DÝKY Z CÍFERA-PÁCU, OKRES TRNAVA

88%
Mitáš V., Rajtár J., Tirpák J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
|
issue suppl 1
409 – 416
EN
The analysed short dagger with an unevenly rounded/trapezoidal blade base with four openings for rivets was discovered during the systematic surface prospection in the village of Cífer-Pác (Trnava district). X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) of the dagger’s surface confirms that it is made of tin bronze. With regard to the chemical composition of the dagger and typologically close finds of daggers from the Bronze Age in Slovakia and neighbouring territories, we can assume that the artefact was cast in the chronological period between stages BA2–BB1. The dagger from Cífer-Pác extends the group of bronze daggers as well as our knowledge of bronze metallurgy at the end of the Early Bronze Age/beginning of the Middle Bronze Age in Western Slovakia.
12

MORAVIAN IRON MONEY. MODEL OF THE 9TH-CENTURY AXE-SHAPED BARS’ GENESIS AND ITS TESTING WITH THE ASSEMBLAGE FROM STARÉ ZÁMKY NEAR BRNO-LÍŠEŇ

88%
Hlavica M., Kouřil P., Mikulec R.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 2
327 – 350
EN
The article offers a new perspective on the phenomenon of Moravian axe-shaped bars. It presents a new perspective seeing roots of axe-shaped bars in pre-Christian ritual behaviour. In this context, where practical function of original tools was suppressed, initial semi-finished products evolved into the earliest massive axe-shaped bars. These probably started to serve as a social currency and their value was probably derived from the weight of the iron commodity, and the intrinsic value of original tools (axes) respectively. The model presumes that since the beginning of their existence, the shrinking of their size and weight took place, probably because of gradual increase of iron scarcity. The shrinkage then gradually reached the stage when storing of a part of a weight unit was very difficult, because of the unforeseeable loss of iron mass during forging. As more precise weight could be projected into smaller bars only with difficulty, their values were probably disconnected from the intrinsic value of the iron, and started to be guaranteed by the issuing authority. The value started to be set arbitrarily in a different unit of account, and axe-shaped bars started to be used as substitute tokens of general-purpose money within the Great Moravian commercialized economy. This model was then confronted with the assemblage of 78 axe-shaped bars from one of the major Great Moravian strongholds at Staré Zámky near Brno-Líšeň. The results of the evaluation including their classification into size categories and mapping of their spatial distribution within the stronghold corresponds with the predictions of the model. Although a hoard of medium-sized bars was present on the site indicating that part of the assemblage may still serve as a social currency, most of the bars fell into small size categories and their spatial distribution shows that they freely circulated within the acropolis of the stronghold, and were probably lost during this daily usage. It thus indicates that they were used in the commercial exchange that took place within the stronghold’s market.
13
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EARLY CAROLINGIAN SPUR FROM SMOLENICE, FOUND IN 1934

88%
Robak Z.
Študijné zvesti
|
2019
|
issue 66
149 – 160
EN
The paper presents the analysis of a loop spur found during A. Loubal’s research in 1934 on Smolenice-Molpír hillfort. The item is known in the literature for a long time. However, the method of its publication prevented proper scientific evaluation of the artefact. The schematic drawing documentation prompted archaeologists to consider the spur an imitation. A more detailed analysis of the find shows that it is an uncommon item in Western Slovakia, namely an Early Carolingian original dated back to the turn of the 8th and 9th century or the beginning of the 9th century.
14

EINE ARMSCHUTZSPIRALE VOM TYP SALGÓTARJÁN MIT TEXTILRESTEN VON „STAMPFEN“ (STUPAVA)

88%
Graf V., Grömer K., Trnka G.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
|
vol. 68
|
issue suppl 1
163 – 169
EN
An old find of a bronze arm protection spiral of the Salgótarján type from the former ‘Stampfen’ in today‘s south-west Slovakia is presented. This typical product of the Carpathian Piliny culture (Slovakia and Hungary) dates from the late Middle Bronze Age to the late Bronze Age (BC–BD and HA 1). Mineralized textile residues are a special feature at some points of the spiral. Here it is made clear that even old finds can still bring surprises when viewed closely.
15
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RÍMSKE SKLO Z NIEKTORÝCH GERMÁNSKYCH SÍDLISK NA ZÁPADNOM SLOVENSKU

88%
Varsik V.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
|
issue 45
133 - 150
EN
The article deals with the finds of the Roman glass vessels from five Germanic (Quadic) settlements in Western Slovakia and with two stray finds of early Roman glass beakers (scyphi) fragments. It aims at reconstructing forms and types of imported glass vessels and to follow the intensity of their occurrence in individual sites in connection with their distance from the Roman limes. It confronts the number of imported glass vessels with the quantity of Samian ware and discusses the chronology of Roman glass importation to Quadic settlements, which is compared with the presence of glass items in Germanic graves from the Roman period.
16
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STARŠIE VČASNOSTREDOVEKÉ SÍDLISKOVÉ NÁLEZY ZO ZÁHORIA

88%
Elgyütt J.
Študijné zvesti
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2014
|
issue 55
83 - 112
EN
In the 1950´s and 1960´s Ľ. Kraskovská excavated many early medieval settlements on the territory of the Záhorie region. However, the results were published only in part. Therefore, the evaluation of settlement finds from the mentioned region was taken up. Three settlement sites were analysed in particular: positions u Cigánkov in Bilkové Humenice, Riškových vŕšok in Kúty, Lipovec in Lakšárska Nová Ves. In the evaluation of finding contexts and finds, the features and pottery dated to the 8th and the beginning of the 9th century were analysed.
17
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FIRST RESULTS OF USE-WEAR ANALYSIS OF THE LEAF POINTS FROM MORAVANY NAD VÁHOM-DLHÁ

88%
Pyżewicz K., Nemergut A.
Študijné zvesti
|
2021
|
vol. 68
|
issue suppl. 2
63 - 82
EN
In the last century, a big number of specific poplar-leaf shape points were obtained during the archaeological research at the Moravany nad Váhom-Dlhá. The assemblage contains numerous points of various sizes, methods of production at different stages of completion. The paper presents the results of use-wear analysis of the selected leaf points from Moravany nad Váhom-Dlhá. The study focuses on the relation between the morphology, raw material use, size of the points and the character of macroscopic and microscopic traces associated with their use and hafting, as well as the localization on the points. However, from the aspect of use-wear analysis, the collection is a bit problematic. It has been obtained a long time ago, mostly in 1943 and 1963. Instead of being packed separately, numerous leaf points were stored together only in few boxes. Many of them are damaged either by production, or as a result of post depositional processes, lowering the visibility of the original use-wear traces. First microscopic analysis indicates that these types of tools were probably used as hunting equipment.
18

STREDOVEKÉ SÍDLISKO Z 13. STOROČIA V BECKOVE

88%
Hanuliak M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2018
|
vol. 66
|
issue 1
107 – 177
EN
A settlement from High Middle Ages was explored in the south part of the Beckov cadastre in 2004. It consists of 64 features. Two half-sunken dwellings with hearth are the most important features. The third half-sunken feature with circular ground plan and grain storage pit served for agricultural purpose. Another group consists of six grain storage pits, 41 storage pits of three types, one hearth, seven exterieur ovens, five stake pits and two trough-shaped pits. Data about size, form, construction and use do not differ from the representatives, which are known in other finding places from the Middle Ages. Fragments of pot-shaped ceramic vessels prevail in the material culture. Large storage vessels with graphite in the fabric are aso important. Dating was elaborated on the basis of analysis of the shape, decoration and creation of vessels, composition of ceramic material. The rest of findings are sporadic, and the most important of these are a coin, spur and jewels. The structure of settlement area belongs to specific components of this site. One quarter of features are scattered across the area. Remaining features are located in four concentrations. Up to 41 dwelling and agricultural features are part of concentration C, which is the oldest part of the agricultural estate. The other three concentrations consist of lower number of agricultural features; residential buildings are missing. The presumption is that these were manufacturing rooms that served to expansion of economic activities of the local community.
19

DOM U CHROMEJ STRAKY. ARCHEOLOGICKÝ A ARCHEOZOOLOGICKÝ VÝSKUM ZANIKNUTEJ STREDOVEKEJ DEDINY TOMANOVÁ

75%
Bielich M., Bielichová Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2023
|
vol. 71
|
issue suppl. 3
313 – 333
EN
Archaeological research in the cadastre of the village of Rumanová (Nitra dist.) in the location of Tomanov háj was carried out in 2020 – 2021. The geophysical survey here partially delineated the edges of the medieval settlement, which, based on written sources, existed from the middle of the 12th to the beginning of the 15th c. A total of 16 housing estates, relics of the Tomanová (Tomáň) village, were uncovered. Based on the analysis of the ceramic material, it was possible to capture two time horizons of its settlement. An important discovery is a dwelling, perhaps a mansion, from the end of the 14th to the beginning of the 15th c. The examined animal remains prove the importance of domestic animal breeding and the predominant consumption of pork. A remarkable find is the partially preserved skeleton of a magpie (Pica pica), discovered on the floor of the basement area of the investigated dwelling.
20
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OJEDINELÉ NÁLEZY Z VRCHU MARHÁT

75%
Jakubčinová M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2008
|
issue 44
51- 63
EN
Marhát hill is a dominant of Považský Inovec hills and by its position it certainly used to be a significant place in older historical periods. Two important ways led in its vicinity, which connected Nitra and Váh river basins and were lines of trade and communication between these regions. Occurrence of iron ore at its eastern slopes was of the same relevance, too, and it remarkably influenced settlement of this area. A hill fort had been built there on the hilltop as soon as in the Late Bronze Age that was flowering mainly during the Iron Age. This is proved by finds of artefacts and pottery as well, which are dated to this time horizon. In later periods the site probably was not used so intensively, except for a short-term refuge or a watch point.
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