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TOWARDS THE INTEGRATION OF THE THREE APPROACHES TO NICOTINE DEPENDENCE

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Tombor I., Urbán R.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2010
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
321-341
EN
Our main goal was to verify the original factorial structure of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) questionnaire, created by Piper, Piasecki et al. (2004), in which nicotine dependence was represented as a motivational based, multidimensional construct. The sample was taken from Hungarian university students who smoke at least one cigarette per week (N=243; 81% female, 19% male; mean age: 24,4 years, S.D.: 6,86). Method of data collection: smokers were invited to participate in the research during university lectures. As the theoretical 13-factor structure was seen to fit less than expected, we have done the exploratory factor analysis of WISDM-68. The 8-factor structure had good internal reliability, each scale had at least 0,7 Cronbach α. Furthermore, we have analyzed the relationship between the 8-factor structure, explored by the factor analysis, with the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale (FTND), which measures the physical aspect of nicotine dependence, and with the depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression: CES-D). The moderate correlations between WISDM scales and FTND refer to the convergent validity of these test batteries. In the multivariate linear regression model, FTND score was determined by Tolerance and Automaticity from WISDM scales. It seems that they can measure the physical aspect of the motivational background of nicotine dependence. Tolerance explains the CO level of breath as well. Depressive symptoms score correlates moderately with the Smoking as coping WISDM scale. There is a significant association between WISDM scale scores and the smoking status. To design appropriate intervention methods, it is important to get acquainted with the motivational factors which maintain tobacco consumption and the individual differences in that. Our results support that the identified motivational factors have different importance between heavy and not daily smokers.
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