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PL
The documentary film Archiwum istnień tells the story of research by Nazi anthropologists searching among the population of occupied Poland for representatives of the Aryan race. In her film, the director makes use of archival materials from World War Two (above all, photographs, propaganda film chronicles and letters). Not only does Justyna Łuczaj-Salej incorporate the above into the cinematographer’s box of tricks, but most of all, she exploits them counter to their authors’ intentions, thereby initiating a process that de-contextualises and re-contextualises these archives in a deconstruction of the past.  
EN
The article is an attempt to propose certain procedures and to discuss the methodology of archaeological research related to the relics of the 20th century field fortifications. Such research is conducted mainly in connection with the construction of road infrastructure in Poland.
EN
The article focuses on the circumstances of the USSR’s breaking off diplomatic relations with Poland in April 1943. The main research problem is the sequence of events in the Polish-Soviet relations in the period from July 1941, i.e. from the signing of the Sikorski-Majski pact, to April 1943, which consequently led to their breaking. The theoretical basis is constituted by the source documents and the basic literature on the subject. The primary research method was a critical analysis of sources and literature. On the basis of the conducted research, the author argues that the matter of the graves of the Polish officers murdered in Smolensk was only a pretext to make a decision to break off the diplomatic relations with the government of General Władysław Sikorski by the USSR and to start cooperation with Polish communists gathered in the Union of Polish Patriots.
EN
Securing sensitive information is a crucial task nowadays, as well as it was in the past. The importance of using cipher systems became especially evident in times of military conflict. The ability to solve an enemy’s encrypted correspondence influenced the course of wars. Despite historical ciphers being well studied, there are still open questions. The major problem for our work was the unavailability of classified documents in archives. Only in recent decades, some countries (archives) started to declassify old military signal intelligence files, making them available to researchers. In this study, we explore the details of cipher systems used in Slovakia during WW2. The study starts with a brief introduction, focusing on essential milestones of cryptology related to Slovakia. The first section explores secrecy at the beginning of the war. At that time, all ciphers and directives were adapted from former Czechoslovakia. In the second section, a new cipher is introduced that was developed directly in Slovakia and approved by Germany. The third section discusses ciphers obtained from Germany (including the famous cipher-machine Enigma), used mainly during military campaigns. The cipher designed in Slovakia was in use alongside the German ciphers. The fourth section investigates the ciphers used during the Slovak National Uprising. Finally, we evaluate the used cipher systems from today's point of view. All the information about used ciphers presented in this paper is directly from our research results uncovered from the Military History Archive in Bratislava and Central Military Archives in Prague. As far as we know, this study is the first attempt to provide detailed information on this topic in Slovakia.
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