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Udział jednostek cudzoziemskich Waffen-SS i Wehrmachtu w działaniach wojennych na Pomorzu Zachodnim w pierwszych miesiącach 1945 roku. Część I.

100%
Wybranowski D.
Przegląd Zachodniopomorski
|
2014
|
issue 4
69-123
EN
The article presents the units that participated in the fights in Western Pomerania (German: Provinz Pommern) in January and February 1945: the 6th foreign Waffen-SS Division (the 11th Voluntary Armoured SS Division Nordland, the 15th Grenadiers’ Division Lettland, the 23rd Voluntary Armoured Grenadiers’ SS Division Nederland, the 27th Voluntary Armoured Grenadiers’ Division Langemarck, the 28th Voluntary Armoured Grenadiers’ Division Wallonien, the 33rd Grenadiers’ SS Division Charlemagne) and anti-Stalinist units of the 1st Division of the Russian Liberation Army (ROA), which was part of the so-called Własow Army. At the beginning there is a presentation of the genesis of the armed forces of the SS composed of West-European volunteers (Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Finns, Frenchmen, Belgian Walloons and Flemings), the profiles of some of their leaders, the structure of the forces and the sites of some earlier battles (especially during the period of 1943–1944) against a wider background of the Pomeranian operations of the Red Army and the units of the 1st Polish Army. Later there is a presentation of the military situation at the end of 1944 and the beginning of 1945 and the effects of the January offensive of the Red Army, as well as the circumstances of how the foreign units of the Waffen-SS reached Western Pomerania and how they were reconstructed (the 15th SS Division Lettland) and their initial battle operations. The first chapters depict the battle operations of the units of the 15th Latvian SS Division Lettland on the ‘Pomeranian Embankment’ and later near Kamień Pomorski, and the fate of the units after the defeat in Western Pomerania. One of the episodes described in detail is the war crimes against the Polish soldiers who had been taken captive at the beginning of February 1945 in the village of Podgaje (German: Flederborn) committed by either Latvian SS-men or the Dutch ones from the Division Nederland. The first chapters also depict the battles fought by the 33rd French SS Division Charlemagne on its combat trail from Szczecinek (German: Neusttetin) to Białogard on the Parsęta River (German: Belgard) and Karlino (German: Körlin), and in defence of the Twierdza Kołobrzeg (German: Festung Kolberg; English: Kolberg Stronghold). In the background there are other military operations in Pomerania, among other things the defeat of the 10th SS Army Corps or the battles in retreat between Dziwnów (German: Dievenow) and Trzęsacz (German: Haff). These descriptions have been supplemented with the presentation of the battles fought by the units of the 1st Division of the ROA (S.K. Bunjaczenko was its commander but it was subordinated to Wehrmacht) along the Oder, including – among other things – groups of tank destroyers at Gozdowice (German: Güstebiese) and South of Szczecin, as well as on the combat trail of the Własow Army from Brandenburg, through Lusatia (Polish: Łużyce), to Czechoslovakia, where the Army finally ceased to exist. A significant part of the article deals in detail with the battles of three Waffen-SS foreign Divisions (which were included in the 3rd Germanic Armoured Corps of the 11th Armoured SS Army commanded by Felix Steiner) and the 28th SS Division Wallonien commanded by Léon Degrelle, which participated in the big German offensive operation called Sonnewende between Stargard (German: Stargard), Choszczno (German: Arnswalde) and Drawsko Pomorskie (German: Dramburg) against the 1st Belorussian Front commanded by Marshal G. Żukow; the operation took place from the 15th to the 21st of February, 1945.
2
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Rekrutacja do Waffen SS na polskich ziemiach okupowanych w opiniach dowódców SS (1939-1941)

100%
Kaczmarek R.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
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2022
|
vol. 17
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issue 22
1-19
EN
The articles discusses the attempts at recruiting Polish citizens to Waffen-SS during the first stage of the war (the years 1939-1941). According to the correspondence of the SS leaders, at the time Germans wanted to conscript only ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche). However, the said group of the pre-war Polish citizens was so negligibly small that it stood no change of having been organized as a separate armed formation. Another advanture that wounded up as a fiasco was the attempt to forma a Waffen-SS unit composed of the so-called racially mixed folk, which included the Gorals (Highlanders), the Kashubians, and the Silesians, who were yet to be granted German citizenship. From 1942 onwards, after the Volksliste had been introduced in the so-called Third Reich-annexed Polish lands and after the previously enforced racial restrictions had been lifted, the Waffen-SS draft was conducted as a part of compulsary enlistment. Being in the Waffen-SS, that was responsible for war crimes, genocide and extermination of civil population, for was by the Poles unequivocally meant collaboration and equalled with the active participation in the atrocities perpetrated by the Nazi Germany.
PL
W artykule omówione zostały próby rekrutacji obywateli polskich do Waffen-SS w pierwszym etapie wojny (w latach 1939-1941). Z korespondencji dowódców SS wynika, że w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie Niemcy chcieli zmobilizować wówczas, ze względów rasowych, tylko etnicznych Niemców (volksdeutschy). Jednak ta grupa przedwojennych polskich obywateli była tak znikoma, że nie dała szans na utworzenie osobnej formacji. Fiaskiem zakończyła się też próba stworzenia oddziałów Waffen-SS z tzw. ludności mieszanej pod względem rasowym, do której zaliczono Górali, Kaszubów i Ślązaków, którzy mieli dopiero otrzymać obywatelstwo niemieckie. Od 1942 roku, po wprowadzeniu volkslisty na tzw. polskich ziemiach wcielonych do Rzeszy Niemieckiej i po rezygnacji z obowiązujących do tej pory ograniczeń rasowych, pobór do Waffen-SS był przeprowadzany jako część przymusowego wcielenia do armii niemieckiej. Przynależność do Waffen-SS, odpowiedzialnego za zbrodnie wojenne, ludobójstwo i eksterminację ludności cywilnej na polskich ziemiach okupowanych, była przez Polaków oceniana jednoznacznie jako kolaboracjonizm i aktywny udział w zbrodniach nazistowskich Niemiec.
3
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Založení vojenského výcvikového prostoru SS Benešov (1939–1942)

99%
Zouzal T.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2016
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vol. 114
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issue 2
415-445
EN
The military training area Benešov (SS-Truppenübungsplatz Beneschau, since 1943 SS-Truppenübungsplatz Böhmen) was the largest military training area situated in the Czech Lands. Its existence was connected to the German occupation of the country. The project of the training area was created in 1939. Territorial take-overs only began in 1942 however, because it was necessary to solve many related questions in the highest circles of the imperial and occupational administration. The study analyzes the factors that led to the project’s processing and its approval.
4
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Udział jednostek cudzoziemskich Waffen-SS i Wehrmachtu w działaniach wojennych na Pomorzu Zachodnim w pierwszych miesiącach 1945 roku. Część II

85%
Wybranowski D.
Przegląd Zachodniopomorski
|
2015
|
issue 1
91-124
EN
The present article is the second part of the description of the battles and activities of the Waffen-SS foreign units in West Pomerania (German: Provinz Pommern), and includes the period from February 21st, 1945 to the end of April, 1945. At the beginning the author discusses the battles between the Red Army and the rest of the 11th Voluntary Armoured SS Division ‘Nordland’, the 23rd Voluntary Armoured Grenadiers’ SS Division ‘Nederland’, the 27th Voluntary Armoured Grenadiers’ Division ‘Langemarck’, and the 28th Voluntary Armoured Grenadiers’ Division ‘Wallonien’ along the river Ina for the town of Chociwel (German: Freienwalde) and for various other towns situated between the Stargard Land and the Maszewo Land (among other things, Lisewo / Voßberg, Warchlino / Groß Wachlin, Dzwonowo / Schönebeck). The description has been completed with the battles of the 10th Armoured Waffen-SS Division ‘Frundsberg’ (in its majority composed of ethnic Germans) in Nowogard (German: Naugard) and its surroundings and in Goleniów (German: Gollnow), as well as the battles near Drawno (German: Neuwedel). However, the main question of the article is the analysis of the participation of the 11th Division ‘Nordland’ and the 28th Waffen-SS Division ‘Wallonien (or rather what was left of it) and the rest of other Waffen-SS foreign units in the battles fought near Gryfino (German: Greifenhagen), on the edge of the Puszcza Bukowa (English: Beech Forest; German: Buchheider Forst), and in the present-day right-bank districts of Szczecin (among other things, Szczecin-Wielgowo / Augustwalde, Płonia / Buchholz, etc.), in the direction of Dąbie Lake (German: Dammschersee). The most fierce battles were fought by the SS foreign units (together with other units) on March 12th to March 20th, 1945 in defence of Szczecin-Zdroje (German: Finkenwalde), Szczecin-Klęskowo (German: Hökendorf) and – first of all – in the one-week defence of Szczecin-Dąbie (German: Altdamm). At the end of the article there is a description of the battles waged by the rest of foreign units on the outskirts of Szczecin in April, 1945 (inter alia, near Moczyły / Schillersdorf and Kurów / Curow), and a description of the further activities of those units, in the defence of Berlin and their final surrender, as well as a description of the fate of particular units and individual soldiers.
5
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Walki SS-Sonderregiment Dirlewanger o Wolę a egzekucje zbiorowe ludności cywilnej

80%
Kuberski H.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2021
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1
137-176
EN
The participation of the SS-Sonderregiment Dirlewanger in the pacification of the Warsaw Uprising is one of the many unresolved problems relating to the events that took place from August to October 1944 in Warsaw. The purpose of this article is to present the most recent state of research on the actions of this controversial German unit during the first days of the German pacification, i.e. during the Wola Massacre (Genocide Wola 44).
PL
Udział SS-Sonderregiment Dirlewanger w pacyfikacji Powstania Warszawskiego jest jednym z wielu nierozwiązanych problemów dotyczących wydarzeń z sierpnia–października 1944 r. w Warszawie. Nieliczne zachowane dokumenty niemieckie nie ułatwiają zadania. Ale opieranie się jedynie na archiwaliach powstańczych oraz relacjach żołnierzy AK i ludności cywilnej spowodowało upowszechnienie się wielu nieścisłości. Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie najnowszego stanu badań na temat działań tego kontrowersyjnego oddziału Waffen-SS podczas pierwszych dni niemieckiej pacyfikacji, czyli w czasie masowej eksterminacji ludności cywilnej Woli.
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