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EN
The ideological and political strategies and tactics of most numerous Ukrainian and Polish ethno-political movements in the early stage of the Second World War intensified conflict-confrontational character of interethnic communication in the new military-political situation. In particular, model of social order, promoted by OUN (b), stemmed from its members in the formulation of the ideals of the future Ukrainian Independent State, offered to fix full or selective discrimination against other ethnic and political actors in their rights and freedoms , was of distinct extremist orientation, contained elements of populism and, in contemporary military and strategic realities of the deployment of the Second World War clearly showed the political adventurism of ideologues and members of the Bandera movement. We can assert dominance conflict- confrontational discourse vector of Polish-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-Jewish communication through the use of manipulative strategies means of communication technologies advocacy, informational opposition-struggle and technologies forming speeches, rumors based on the analysis of Ukrainian periodicals published in Eastern Galicia and western Volyn’ in the summer-autumn of 1941. This study leads to the reasonable conclusion about the active use of Nazi occupation authorities controlled by Ukrainian periodicals in their own propaganda campaign. The magnitude of the impact of propaganda combined with a broad arsenal of manipulative instrument maintenance and escalation of ethnic conflict interaction in the region outlined in the historical period.
EN
The political regime, which was rebuilt in the Western Ukraine at the final stage of world war II and can be defined as a kind of Soviet subtype of totalitarianism – Stalinism, has been characterized. It has been revealed the essential characteristics of the political activity of the population of the Western regions of the USSR in conditions of liberation from Nazi occupation, and stands of Stalin totalitarian regime, which was aimed at prevention of any manifestations of negative political mobilization. In the article it has been analyzed the political, legal, institutional and procedural mechanisms of the formation of structures of the Stalinist totalitarian regime in Western Ukraine, in the period after the liberation of the region from the fascist occupation, that were in the restoration and consolidation of the dominant role of the party committees and the formation of a controlled their range workers Soviet, Komsomol, economic organizations, organs of the NKVD and KGB, as an organized force to control political mobility of the local population. The violent nature of the political mobilization of the population in the Western regions of the Ukrainian SSR in support of the new political regime in countering departments of the UPA and OUN underground has been shown. It has been revealed the communicative manipulating-raising mechanisms of the formation among the population of the Western region of positive political mobilization against the new government. The negative consequences of the spread and dominance among the population liberated from the Nazi occupation of Western Ukraine controversial type of political mobilization of the contemporary socio-political conditions and present are under the analysis.
EN
The Deportation of the Polish Population in the Light of the NKVD Directives and Testimonies of the Displaced Families. The Attempt at Comparative Analysis. The article was a result of belief in the need of detailed description of the deportation of the families whose relatives had been murdered by the troops of the Soviet security apparatus in Katyn and other places of the former USSR. The article is an attempt at the comparative analysis of the NKVD directives with the reports of the exiled. The author carried out multiple-hour interviews with the Katyn families and Siberian exiles who were deported to Kazakhstan in April 1940. Moreover, the author used the expansive literature of memoirs and diaries of those times. The text includes the aspect of displacement and journey of the families to the remote steppes of Kazakhstan. The author aimed at confronting official directives for the operational units of the NKVD carrying out displacements with the reality maintained in the memories of the exiled, and pointing to similarities and differences between the first and the second deportations. The author described in detail the act of the NKVD barging into the houses of the families subject to deportation, indicated the directives concerning the deportation which were frequently ignored by the functionaries of the Soviet security apparatus, presented the house searches and pointed to these NKVD behaviours which were unusual and beyond the routine procedures. The article also describes the transportation to railway stations and the detailed journey in freight cars. It also includes the aspects of meals, executing physiological needs, intimate hygiene and death during the long journey. In the closing part of the text, the author referred to the ongoing dispute between historians and the Siberian exiles concerning the numbers of people deported in 1940-1941. He shortly characterised the major publications on that topic and referred to the important studies of the ‘Karta’ Centre and the Institute of National Remembrance in the series of ‘The Index of the Repressed’ which aim, among others, at specifying the list of names of all Poles deported during the four great Soviet displacement actions.
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