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1
100%
Studia theologica
|
2013
|
vol. 15
|
issue 4
180-188
EN
The aim of the article is to present the document Theology Today: Perspectives, Principles and Criteria by the International Theological commission from the point of view of biblical scholarship. It firstly shortly introduces the three biblical scholars involved in the preparation of the document and makes certain general remarks about its connection to exegesis. It consequently discusses closely the Biblical basis of the twelfth criterion proposed: theology as wisdom and as science. Finally, it connects certain conclusions to the contemporary situation of theology in the pluralistic world.
EN
The purpose of the paper is to synthesize the issues of human wisdom in terms of minds which create knowledge-based judgment. We form a transdisciplinary, bigpicture view of the wisdom of humans. Findings: Wisdom is the right judgment and choice in the context of the art of living. Practical implications: Wisdom can be developed within the set of minds. Social implications: To pursue wisdom in thinking and action, one must extend education to embrace more knowledge and practicing gaining better skills in decision-making. Originality: This approach offers a new understanding of the wisdom of humans, which cannot be identified as a synonym of knowledge.
3
63%
The Biblical Annals
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2017
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vol. 7
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issue 3
307-322
EN
The article analyzes the theme of death in the book of Wisdom, with particular attention to the relationship between Wisdom and death. After a general introduction to the theme of death and the concept of “second death”, the author analyzes the marriage metaphor, which occupies an important place in the second part of the book. The author proceeds with the analysis of vocabulary and images related to the marriage metaphor. Searching for a possible counter-metaphor, he indicates the image from Wis 1,16, where the relation of the wicked with death is described as a tragic denial of the ideals presented in Wis 8,16,17-18. The elements that link the two images and at the same time make them totally different are indicated. Pseudo-Solomon emphasizes the beauty of the relationship with Wisdom on the one hand and the drama of the sinners on the other, to conclude that the wicked, seeking to enter into a friendly relationship with death, get exactly the opposite of what the sage receives from the Wisdom in the II part of the Book of Wisdom.
IT
L’articolo analizza il tema della morte nel libro della Sapienza, con particolare attenzione al rapporto tra la Sapienza stessa e la morte. Dopo un’introduzione generale, al tema della morte e ai problemi relativi al concetto di "seconda morte", l’autore analizza la metafora sponsale, che occupa un posto importante nella seconda parte del libro. Si procede con  l’analisi del vocabolario e delle immagini relative alla metafora sponsale. Cercando una possibile contro-metafora sponsale, si indica Sap 1,16, dove il rapporto degli empi con la morte viene descritto come tragica negazione degli ideali presentati in Sap 8,16.17-18. Vengono indicati elementi che collegano i due passaggi analizzati e le diametrali differenze. Lo Pseudo-Salomone sottolinea, da un lato, la bellezza del rapporto con la Sapienza e il dramma degli empi dall’altro, per giungere alla conclusione che gli empi, cercando di entrare in un rapporto amichevole con la morte, ottengono esattamente il contrario di ciò che riceve il saggio, nella II parte del libro.
XX
Parlando della Sapienza nell’Antico Testamento non si può omettere Prv 8, 22-31. Questa pericope fornisce la chiave per stabilirne l’origine e per definirne la natura. Prv 8, 22-31 è testo fondamentale per scoprire quale sia il rapporto tra la Sapienza e Dio ed anche quale fu il ruolo della Sapienza nell’opera della creazione del mondo. Per poter capire tali questioni dobbiamo prima affrontare il grande problema costituito dal versetto 30a. In esso troviamo la perenne crux ìnterpretum legata alla parola ’amóri. Problematico non è soltanto il suo significato, ma anche il suo ruolo sintattico nella frase.
EN
The Book of Proverbs presents four texts where the tree of life metaphor appears: 3:18; 11:30; 13:12; 15:4. They obviously allude to the heavenly tree, which – according to the description in Genesis – stood in the middle of the Garden of Eden. The motif is also present in tales and beliefs of ancient Near East cultures (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Canaan), which somehow affected its biblical use. The pre-sence of this metaphor in the Book of Proverbs indicates that regaining life that had been lost in the Garden of Eden was identified with gaining the divine gi= of wisdom. The tree of life, i.e. a gi= of a blessed life, means following the paths of wisdom in all its aspects: speech, desires, acts and relationships
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono definicję intuicji jako zjawiska psychologicznego. Wskazano w nim przyczyny, które powodują bagatelizowanie roli intuicji. Następnie przedstawiono zarys japońskiego podejścia do zarządzania wiedzą oraz pojęcia wiedzy jawnej i ukrytej, przy czym zaprezentowano wiedzę ukrytą jako wiedzę intuicyjną, trudną do logicznego wyjaśnienia. Omówiono również cztery etapy koncepcji rozwoju intelektualnego Jeana Piageta, a następnie uzupełniono je etapem postformalnym, nieograniczonym do logicznego myślenia. Ukazano relację pomiędzy mądrością jako najwyższym poziomem piramidy wiedzy a intuicją. Zaprezentowano intuicję jako pożądane zjawisko w podejmowaniu decyzji w zarządzaniu, wskazując zalety intuicyjnych decyzji w przypadku niewystarczającej ilości informacji. Porównano decyzje intuicyjne i decyzje oparte na racjonalnej analizie z uwzględnieniem komplementarności obu podejść. Wskazano ograniczenia i niebezpieczeństwa polegania wyłącznie na intuicji w trakcie podejmowania decyzji w zarządzaniu. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na rolę intuicji w zarządzaniu, traktowanej jako specyficzny sposób myślenia mający swoje zalety i wady.
EN
In this article a definition of intuition as a psychological phenomenon is presented. It indicates reasons for the role of intuition being underestimated. Further, it provides an outline of the Japanese approach to knowledge management as well as the concepts of explicit and hidden knowledge, where the hidden knowledge is presented as intuitive knowledge difficult to explain in a logical manner. It also presents the four stages of Jean Piaget’s concept of intellectual development, which are then supplemented with a post-formal stage not limited to logical thinking. It shows a relationship between intuition and wisdom as the highest level of the knowledge pyramid. Intuition is presented as a phenomenon that is desirable in a managerial decision-making process, with an indication of advantages of intuitive decisions in the case of insufficient information. Intuitive decisions and decisions based on a rational analysis are compared taking into account the complementarity of both approaches. The dangers and limitations of relying solely on intuition when making managerial decisions are also shown. The objective of the article is to draw attention to the role of intuition, treated as a specific way of thinking that has its advantages and disadvantages, in management.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu prześledzenie interpretacji tematu Mądrości w Żywocie św. Symeona autorstwa św. Sawy, jego powiązań z innymi biblijnymi tematami i motywami, z odniesieniem do różnych źródeł literackich, modeli i wzorów wykorzystywanych przez najwcześniejszą słowiańską tradycję piśmienniczą. Analiza cytatów biblijnych w tekście służy odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego temat Mądrości zajmuje tak ważne miejsce w pierwszym Żywocie św. Symeona i jak ten fakt nawiązuje do przesłania tekstu w jego kontekście historycznym i kulturowym.
EN
This article aims to trace the interpretation of the theme of Wisdom in the Vita of St. Simeon by St. Sava, and its connections with other biblical themes and motifs, with references to various literary sources, models, and patterns employed by the earliest Slavic literary tradition. By analyzing the biblical quotations in the text, the study tries to show why Wisdom occupies such an important place in the first Vita of St. Simeon and what this reveals about the message of the text in its historical and cultural context.
EN
Verb agapaō (to love) occurs only 23 times in the Book of Ben Sira (the verb fileō, instead, does not occur even once!). In the instruction of Wisdom in Sir 4:11-19 it appears as many as four times. It does not seem to be accidental. The analysis of the text carried out in the present article shows that Wisdom functions as a mediator between God and humans. It is Wisdom that leads human being to God, and it is through her mediation that humans receive the gifts that they deserve on the basis of their attitude toward Wisdom and toward the Lord. The first part of the examined passage (vv. 12-16; verse 11 constitutes an introduction), shows a refined theological and poetic structure. The verses 12-14 constitute the first section that focuses on the love of Wisdom and God. The second section (vv. 14a-16) focuses on one’s dedication to Wisdom and, through her mediation, to God. The focal point of the analyzed text can be found in v. 14b: “the Lord loves those who love her”. In v. 17 we read about the test, to which Wisdom put her disciples in order to ascertain their faithfulness and dedication. The last two verses reveal the results of this trial: first positives and then negatives. Wisdom in Sir 4:11-19 appears to be a reliable guide on the way to God. It is Wisdom that introduces her disciples into the close relationship with God. She is a Divine Educator, bringing up human beings in order that they could fully meet God and remain in God’s love.
9
51%
EN
Article presents author’s reflections on dialogs and discussions which took place during master seminar for geography students leading by him. The main issue of the seminar was enumerated by the following questions: – What is wisdom? – Where one can find wisdom? – What is the measure of wisdom? Students shared with their professor different personal thoughts which allowed him to ponder his own opinion. The article is composed of three parts. The first one – introduction shows the background of presenting problem, the second part included different contexts of wisdom: i.e. cognition, understanding, granting, occurring. In the third part – the conclusion, Author proposes answers to the three questions stating as follows: wisdom is the need of truth, one can find it in everyday life, the measure of wisdom is the willingness to offer it to the other human being.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje refleksje autorskie poświęcone debatom, które miały miejsce podczas prowadzonego seminarium magisterskiego dla studentów. Istotą było poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytania: Czym jest mądrość? Gdzie należy jej poszukiwać? Co można uznać za miarę mądrości? Rozważania obejmują wprowadzenie teoretyczne, charakterystykę kontekstów mądrości (poznawania, rozumienia darowania i wydarzania) oraz podsumowanie.
FR
La combinaison de deux versets proposes dans l'article est une inclusion sémitique fondée sur deux verbes hébreux : Le premier montre une attitude d'un jeune adèpte de la sagesse, prèt à l'acquérir. Deuxième montre le gain tiré du fait qu’il s’est montré apt à l’instruction venue du pére ou de l’instituteur. Il est important de souligner que le but principal de toutes les instructions est la possession de la crainte de Dieu et sa connaissance. A ce but mènent les conseils de l’homme sage au sujet de la vie quotidienne. Ainsi l'auteur inspiré convaincs que l'acquis de la sagesse de la vie est une étape nécessaire du chemin de la connaissance de Dieu. Il comble ses élus de toute sagesse, non seulement spirituelle mais aussi ordinaire, acquise par experience. Il surgit alors un important engrenage entre sagesse de Dieu corame une grace donnée, et une sagesse cornine effort humain.
EN
The notion of wisdom in Schopenhauer’s grasp is analyzed in two different perspectives. First, in the context of early philosophy with the supreme term “better consciousness” (das bessere Bewußtsein). The crowning achievement of this period was The World as Will and Representation and radically formulated cognitive elitism. Second, in the context of Parerga and Paralipomena essays, in particular the Aphorisms on the Wisdom of Life essay, when Schopenhauer transforms himself from a metaphysician and a Buddhist into a moralist and teacher of life’s wisdom, who teaches what to do to minimize the suffering of our lives. This shift of accents was connected with the thorough reading of B. Gracian’s The Art of Worldly Wisdom. A Pocket Oracle. Gracian did not teach how to free oneself from the world, but how to live in a world full of evil, adversity, intrigues and wickedness.
DE
Schopenhauers Weisheitsbegriff wurde aus zwei verschiedenen Perspektiven analysiert. Erstens, im Kontext der frühen Philosophie, wo „das bessere Bewusstsein“ eine Schlüsselrolle spielte. Der Höhepunkt dieser Zeit waren das Werk Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung und radikal formulierte philosophische Exklusivität. Zweitens, im Kontext von Essays-Sammlung Parerga und Paralipomena, und besonders einem der Essays Aphorismen zur Lebensweisheit, wo sich Schopenhauer vom Metaphysiker und Buddhisten in den Moralisten und den Lehrer vervandelte, der die Verfahrensregeln in der irrationalen Welt des Willens zeigte, so dass das Leid die geringste Teilnahme an der realen Existenz des Menschen hatte. Diese Akzentverschiebung erfolgte vor allem dank der gründlichen und tiefen Lektüre von Baltasar Gracians Das Hand-Orakel und Kunst der Weltklugheit. Gracian lehrte aber an keiner Stelle, wie man sich von der Welt befreien kann, sondern eher wie man in einer Welt des Bösen, voll von Gegensätzen, Intrigen und Niederträchtigkeiten leben kann.
EN
The primary objective of this article is to give an overview and to philosophically explore the main ideas of an emerging, relatively new mystical dimension within Christianity which is called the sapiential Christianity. This paper is based mainly on the work of Bruno Barnhart (1931-2015), Camaldoli monk, mystic and theologian who spent most of his monastic life developing and systematising ideas of sapiential Christianity. This specific approach to the whole Christian tradition focuses on the Unitive Reality and its expression in the world, especially in the incarnational Christ-event, aiming towards divinisation of the whole reality. It also places a great emphasis on the position and role of human being in this process of divinisation. In the article, the philosophical analysis concentrates on the three aspects of this mystical movement: (1) epistemology, where wisdom as the way of knowing has its unique place in the whole process of gaining knowledge about Unitive Reality; (2) anthropology, where we look at the source of dignity of human person in the sapiential perspective: (3) metaphysics, where we explore the notion of the Unitive Reality and its characteristics. Overall, the purpose of this article is to show the significance and relevance of sapiential Christianity in our modern world; to encourage philosophers that are interested in religion and mysticism to explore and enter into a dialogue with this unique way of seeing the Christian tradition.
PL
Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie i filozoficzne zbadanie głównych idei wyłaniającego się, stosunkowo nowego mistycznego wymiaru chrześcijaństwa, który nazywany jest chrześcijaństwem sapiencjalnym. Artykuł ten opiera się głównie na pracy Bruno Barnharta (1931-2015), kamedulskiego mnicha, mistyka i teologa, który spędził większość swojego życia monastycznego na rozwijaniu i systematyzowaniu idei chrześcijaństwa sapiencjalnego. To specyficzne podejście do całej tradycji chrześcijańskiej koncentruje się na Rzeczywistości Jednoczącej i jej ekspresji w świecie, zwłaszcza w inkarnacyjnym wydarzeniu Chrystusa, dążąc do przebóstwienia całej rzeczywistości. Kładzie również duży nacisk na pozycję i rolę człowieka w tym procesie przebóstwienia. W artykule analiza filozoficzna koncentruje się na trzech aspektach tego mistycznego ruchu: (1) epistemologii, w której mądrość jako sposób poznania ma swoje wyjątkowe miejsce w całym procesie zdobywania wiedzy o Rzeczywistości Jednoczącej; (2) antropologii, w której przyglądamy się źródłu godności osoby ludzkiej w perspektywie sapiencjalnej: (3) metafizyce, w której badamy pojęcie Rzeczywistości Jednoczącej i jej cechy. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, celem tego artykułu jest pokazanie wagi i znaczenia chrześcijaństwa sapiencjalnego w naszym współczesnym świecie; zachęcenie filozofów zainteresowanych religią i mistycyzmem do zbadania i nawiązania dialogu z tym wyjątkowym sposobem postrzegania tradycji chrześcijańskiej.
|
2022
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vol. 30
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issue 4
33-64
PL
In The Laments, apart from the drama of the father and the poet, we saw the drama of the sage unfolding. The motto of the poem, questions about the attitude of man in the face of his own suffering, the truth about the irrevocability and inevitability of suffering under the influence of misfortune, considerations about the inability of the human mind to penetrate God’s mysteries, the presence of the person and thoughts of Cicero in the poem, all these constitute the wisdom of The Laments. The wisdom was to be the basic principle of human existence, the practical and theoretical principle on which it was to be based. The idea that it is to be internal constancy, understood as immutability, as a kind of lack of internal reaction to the course of things, has been questioned. When the illusion of one’s own wisdom has been understood and rejected, new wisdom emerges. It is to be an internal submission to Providence, an internal transformation under the influence of experience, which cannot be avoided because it is true.  
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