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1

Bone material from the Lusatian culture settlement in Witów

100%

Zielińska U.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2009

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vol. 1

101-108

EN

Bone material derived from archaeological research conducted in the years 2002 - 2007 at site 1 in Witów. It was found in the features of the Lusatian culture and in strata outside these objects. We analyzed a total of 3251 pieces of bone, of which 2291 have been identified in terms of species and anatomy. The largest groups are the remains of mammals (84.86%) and invertebrates in the form of freshwater mussel shells (14.71%). Among mammals, domestic animals strongly dominated especially cattle and small ruminants. Materials from features and strata are not homogeneous - there were differences in the share of individual species. Analysis of the anatomical distribution and age of slaughter leads to the conclusion that inhabitants of the settlement at Witów bred animals for their own use, using all parts of the carcass. In the studied material the remains of animals killed after morphological maturity predominate, indicating “economic” type of animal keeping.

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Spory Cystersów sulejowskich i Norbertanów witowskich w XIII i XIV w.

89%

Parol J.

Nasza Przeszłość. Studia z dziejów Kościoła i kultury katolickiej w Polsce

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2018

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vol. 129

5-23

PL

Powodem konfliktu zakonu Cystersów z Sulejowa i Norbertanów z Witowa było bliskie sąsiedztwo ich dóbr. W początkowej okresie fundacji nie wystawiano oficjalnych dokumentów, wobec czego wszystkie zapisy były tylko ustne. Z tego też względu w XIII i XIV w. oba klasztory rościły pretensje do sąsiednich dóbr. Niewątpliwie próbowano szukać rozstrzygnąć konflikty na polu państwowym jak i kościelnym. I tak konflikt graniczny z 1242 r. rozstrzygano przed Konradem Mazowieckim, a spór o dziesięciny toczone przed legatem papieskim Filipem, czy potem przed arcybiskupem gnieźnieńskim Janisławem. W XIII w. ukształtowała się swego rodzaju granica dóbr, która potem stanowiła wyznacznik decyzji kolejnych zwierzchników cywilnych czy kościelnych. W przypadku granicy dóbr to podział oparł się o rzekę Luciąże i Koprzywnicę, natomiast dziesięciny z Kępina i Cekanowa otrzymał klasztor w Sulejowie, a meszne z Milejowa, Krzyżanowa i Cekanowa oddane zostały na własność klasztorowi w Witowie.

EN

The reason for the conflict between Cistersiansians from Sulejów and Premonstratensians from Witów was the proximity of their goods. At the beginning of a foundation no official documents were issued, which is why all stipulations were made only orally. For this reason both cloisters made claims to the neighboring goods. Of course, they sought to solve the problems by resorting to ecclesiastical and state authorities. A border conflict was subjected to scrutiny by Konrad Mazowiecki and an argument concerning tithe by the papal legate Philipp and later by the archbishop of Gniezno Janisław. In XIII a kind of border between the goods was established which with time came to be a major factor in decision-taking process of following ecclesiastical and state governors. The dividing line was the river Luciąże and Koprzywnica, while tithe from Kępin and Cekanów became property of the cloister in Sulejów. The cloister in Witów received the poll tax from Milejów, Krzyżanów and Cekanów.

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Rescue excavations at site 1 in Witów, Proszowice district. Seasons 2004 – 2006

88%

Gawlik A., Godlewski P.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2009

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vol. 1

83-99

EN

Excavations at site 1 in Witów, in the years 2004 – 2006, were a continuation of rescue excavations started in 2002. Excavations covered three areas most likely to be destroyed. At the foot of the promontory (trench 1) a sequence of cultural strata dating from the Neolithic (Funnel Beaker culture) through the Bronze Age (Lusatian culture) until the Roman period was unveiled. In trench 2 excavation works were continued on the remains of fortifications (embankment with elements of wooden structures) connected with the Lusatian culture. Within the trench no. 3 next settlement features of the Lusatian culture and early Medieval skeletal graves were discovered. The most interesting discoveries in the reporting period include the Lusatian burials in trapezium-like pits, unearthed in the trench no. 3. Due to its equipment (including ceramics of the “knob” style) and 14C dating, they should be tied with the origins of the Lusatian culture. Other interesting findings were also silver coins (denarii) from a Medieval cemetery. Research in seasons 2004 - 2006 proved most of the conclusions reached in previous seasons: the multicultural nature of the site, high intensity of the Lusatian culture settlement, and the presence of fortifications of this culture.

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2 Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

1 Nasza Przeszłość. Studia z dziejów Kościoła i kultury katolickiej w Polsce

1 Gawlik A.

1 Godlewski P.

1 Parol J.

1 Zielińska U.

1 2018

2 2009

Bone material from the Lusatian culture settlement in Witów

Spory Cystersów sulejowskich i Norbertanów witowskich w XIII i XIV w.

Rescue excavations at site 1 in Witów, Proszowice district. Seasons 2004 – 2006