Results found: 2

Search results

Search:
in the keywords: Wojnowo

Sort By:

Limit search:

Dzieło Neandertalczyków, czy późnoplejstoceńskich łowców? (Drewniany przedmiot z Wojnowa, gm. Kargowa, woj. lubuskie)

100%

Bobrowski P., Sobkowiak-Tabaka I., Goslar T., Kobusiewicz M., Lityńska- Zając M., Okuniewska- Nowaczyk I.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

2013

vol. 61

77-91

Excavations at the Mesolithic site in Wojnowo 3 yielded a unique artefact. Discovered in a peat trench, it was made of highly mineralised wood and had clear signs of intentional processing. Location of the site and history of research The site is situated in the commune of Kargowa, the district of Zielona Góra, Lubuskie Province (Fig. 1). It is located on the sand terrace, on the eastern bank of the valley of the Gniła Obra river, cut by the river in the younger outwash plain form the Poznań phase of the last glaciation. A large part of the surface of the valley was once filled with a large water reservoir, vanishing with time as a result of plant succession and hydrographical changes (Fig. 2). More broadly, the site is located in the area of the so-called Obra river Depression (The Zbąszyń Furrow), i.e. a depression valley of a meridian course, located on the border of two lake districts: the Lubusz and Wielkopolska Lake Districts. Wojnowo 3 is one of the dozens of sites from the Early and Middle Stone Age, identified in the so called Wojnowo Region, located in the young glacial area, at the back of a belt of moraines delimiting the extent of the last glaciation in the Leszno phase. The site was discovered in 1985 during surface survey and regular excavations were carried out there in 1992. Two excavation units were set up: one (I/92 – the main trench) was located on the flood terrace of the Gniła Obra river and the other, referred to as PT I/92, in the sphere of occurrence of organogenic sediments. Material for archaeobotanical analyses was collected from its eastern wall (Fig. 3). Palynological analysis of the collected core revealed that the onset of accumulation of sediments on the site can be dated to Dryas III, and the process was finished probably during the Atlantic period. The history of vegetation in Dryas III is contained in sediments with a thickness of more than 60cm and of varying origin: the floor sample comes from sand with detritus, samples from above are from sanded gyttja, whereas the roof sample is from peat. The charcoal from the floor layer produced a radiocarbon date 10 560 ± 110 BP (Gd-6901), which corresponds very well with the results of the palynological analysis (Fig. 6). Typological, raw material and chronological analysis of the wooden artefact The analysed wooden object is shaped like a tile – a flat cuboid. In a floor plan it resembles an elongated pentagon, with two longest sides parallel to each other. The cross-section is almost rectangular. The artefact is 35-45mm long, 8-20mm wide and 6-7mm thick (Fig. 4). Its colour is dark brown, almost black. The surface of the object is heavily worn out. The wood was undoubtedly intentionally worked along the longer sides; a clear trace of cutting with a sharp instrument is also visible at the shorter of the sides (Fig. 5). Identification of the raw material of which the described object was made is very difficult. Macroscopically, it resembled ivory, and such were the first identifications following its discovery. Preliminary microscopic analysis carried out back in the 1990s revealed, however, that it may be a fragment of a part of highly mineralised wood. The analysed artefact was re-examined in 2011. It was consulted with experts in the field of both archaeozoology and archaeobotany, and the identifications differed radically. On the one hand - on the basis of macroscopic observations - the raw material from which the analysed artefact was made was identified as part of a tusk (i.e. an incisor tooth) of a mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) or a forest elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus). On the other hand, specific botanical analyses revealed that the raw material can be of plant origin. Observations of anatomical sections in transmitted light microscopy allowed the conclusion that the analysed slide is wood, without doubt derived from a conifer tree and perhaps representing the common juniper (cf. Juniperus communis L., Fig. 7). For the artefact made of fossilised wood radiocarbon dates were obtained, i.e. 47,900 ± 1500 BP (Poz-42058). Both large standard deviation, and the range of the measuring method of 40-50 thousand years indicate that the obtained determinations of age should be treated as ‘open’ / nfinite. Certainly, the raw material of which the artefact of Wojnowo was made is therefore not younger than 46,400 years, but a precise determination of its age is impossible in this situation. It can be assumed that the wood from which it was made is of the early Plenivistulian or, more likely, the end of the Eemian interstadial or the early Vistulian origin. It is impossible to unequivocally identify the function of the tool from Wojnowo due to the significant deterioration of the artefact and the degree of its preservation (a small part). A similar object, made, however, from a fully petrified piece of wood, was discovered at site no. 5 in Stare Marzy, the commune of Dragacz, within a flint concentration associated with the activity of the society of the Sviderian culture. The tool has traces of polishing and is interpreted by the author of the analysis as a polisher, which could have been used for typical ‘domestic’ tasks. It seems most probable that already a slightly silicified piece of wood was eroded from the original layers and transported on a short distance together with the receding continental glacier and deposited on the surface, where it was spotted and used by the Lateglacial group that stayed at the site in Wojnowo. Traces of the Late Palaeolithic settlement were recorded at many sites in the Wojnowo Region. They are located both within the Warsaw-Berlin ice marginal valley, as well as along the Gniła Obra river valley. We can most likely rule out the possibility that the fragment of wood, of which the analysed object was made, was naturally transported across the river to the site. Analysis of terrace sediments underlying the organogenic sediments in the Gniła Obra river valley indicates the presence of only rocky material of fine fraction - sand and gravel, in the absence of stones and larger boulders. Currently, it is virtually impossible to determine the distance and the area from which the analysed object/material was transported to the site in Wojnowo. It could also be found in the nearest vicinity of the site, during the exploration of flint material in moraine or fluvioglacial deposits. Poorly-advanced process of silicification of wood probably facilitated the process of its working, namely cutting. An evident cut – visible on one of the long sides – is clearly different from the traces that arise in the process of working fossilised wood, which is one of the most commonly used materials used e.g. in the Neolithic in the Western Desert in Egypt. Full silicification of wood, used in stone production, resulted in the formation of typical conchoidal negatives, characteristic for working hard rock. In the subject literature there are numerous examples of using silicised or other organic materials by prehistoric communities that date back much earlier than the settlement at the site. In case of the wooden artefact of Wojnowo we also have to take into account the possibility that it was made at the time to which the raw material is dated, i.e. by some Middle Palaeolithic societies of the Eemian interstadial or the early Vistulian. For years there have been discussions in the literature on the possibility of the penetration of the Polish Lowland by communities of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis at the turn of the last interglacial and the early Vistulian. Several archaeological sites in the Polish Lowlands or Brandenburg are believed to evidence the activity of the Middle Palaeolithic societies (Poznań-Szeląg; Skaratki, Łowicz commune; Góra Św. Małgorzaty near Łęczyca; Berlin-Hohenschönhausen; Schulzendorf; Vogelsang). Conclusions Due to a number of aspects, the wooden object from Wojnowo with traces of intentional processing can be treated as one of unique finds on the European Plain scale. Artefacts made of organic material, with such early dating, are very rarely preserved to the present day. If we agree that the Late Palaeolithic societies used the raw material in the form of silicified juniper wood, we are provided with data that points not only to their interest in fossil raw materials, but also evidence the processing of this raw material. On the other hand, if we consider plausible a hypothesis that the artefact was made by Middle Palaeolithic societies, we get an invaluable argument in favour of the possibility of the penetration (settlement?) of the Polish Lowlands by those societies. But first of all, the case of the wooden object from Wojnowo should be a warning for archaeologists against too hasty and mechanical cultural classification of the discovered materials.

Nauczanie śpiewu cerkiewnego przez wspólnoty staroobrzędowców Wojnowa w świetle rkp. BN akc. 8982

94%

Sawicki D.

Muzyka

2018

vol. 63

issue 2

85-105

The article is an attempt to retrace the process of the teaching of Orthodox chanting by Old Believers (Eastern Orthodox Christians who reject the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow) from the village of Wojnowo. The author performs an analysis of the only surviving book for teaching chanting, i.e. the nineteenth-century Azbuka from Wojnowo, with respect to the influence exerted by its contents on the methods of teaching singing adopted by the particular congregations living in Wojnowo. The author draws attention to the prayer-like characteristics of the chanting practiced by Old Believers and its influence on the education of singers.

Artykuł jest próbą rekonstrukcji procesu nauczania śpiewu liturgicznego przez wspólnoty staroobrzędowców (wiernych Cerkwi prawosławnej nie uznających reform liturgicznych patriarchy Nikona) z Wojnowa. Autor dokonuje analizy jedynego zachowanego podręcznika do nauki śpiewu – tj. XIX-wiecznej Azbuki z Wojnowa pod kontem wpływu zawartych w nim treści na sposób nauczania śpiewu przyjęty w poszczególnych wspólnotach zamieszkujących wieś Wojnowo. Autor zwraca uwagę na modlitewny aspekt praktykowanego przez wspólnoty staroobrzędowców śpiewu, oraz jego wpływ na kształcenie kadr śpiewaczych.

Refine search results

1 Muzyka

1 Przegląd Archeologiczny

1 Bobrowski P.

1 Goslar T.

1 Kobusiewicz M.

1 Lityńska- Zając M.

1 Okuniewska- Nowaczyk I.

1 Sawicki D.

1 Sobkowiak-Tabaka I.

1 2018

1 2013

Search results

Dzieło Neandertalczyków, czy późnoplejstoceńskich łowców? (Drewniany przedmiot z Wojnowa, gm. Kargowa, woj. lubuskie)

Nauczanie śpiewu cerkiewnego przez wspólnoty staroobrzędowców Wojnowa w świetle rkp. BN akc. 8982