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  1. 3 Sowiniec

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  1. 1 Krzysztonek J.

  2. 1 Malik A.

  3. 1 Wierzbicki P.

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  1. 3 2012

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Najdłuższy strajk w Nowej Hucie. Robotniczy protest w Kombinacie Metalurgicznym Huta im. Lenina (26 kwiecień – 5 maj 1988)

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Malik A.
Sowiniec
|
2012
|
issue 41
27-52
EN
As the result of dramatic increases in food prices introduced by the communist authorities in February 1988, the population of the People’s Republic of Poland became increasingly deeply impoverished. This situation contributed to the outbreak of the next social rebellion. On April 26, 1988 the rolling mill worker, Andrzej Szewczuwianiec, started the longest strike in the history of Krakow’s Nowa Huta district and its steelworks. As a result of their demands, the strikers were initially limited to economic relief, but over time they included additional points with a “Solidarity” overtone to them. The steelworkers demanded pay raises not only for themselves, but also for those employed in other sectors, such as education and health care. They also demanded raises for pensioners,,the reinstatement of their colleagues and amnesty for their activities in the underground structures of the “Solidarity” movement. The protest initially involved about 5,000 striking employees, eventually falling to 3,000. The negotiations were interrupted during the night of 4/5 May by the intervention of the communist police troops. Some strike leaders were arrested and a large group of striking steelworkers were brutally mauled by the intervening police. The striking steelworkers were still able to win wage increases. They also openly began their activities to revive the Independent Self-governing Trade Union “Solidarity”. The strike of April and May at the Nowa Huta Steelworks spurred all Polish workers to action, and was a prelude to the August protests that forced the communist authorities to negotiate with the public
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Kalendarium wydarzeń strajkowych w Kombinacie Metalurgicznym Huta Im. Lenina wiosną i latem 1988 roku

100%
Wierzbicki P.
Sowiniec
|
2012
|
issue 41
9-26
EN
Striking as the main method of fi ghting the communist regime peaked in the spring and summer of 1988, when workers’ protests affected the some of the most important companies in the country. The main reason for the strikes were government price increases introduced a few months earlier. During the two strikes employees stopped working at several facilities including: the Regional Transport Company in Bydgoszcz, the Vladimir Lenin Steelworks in Krakow, the Gdańsk Shipyard, the Steelworks at Stalowa Wola and tseveral coal mines (the Manifest Lipcowy, the Moszczenica, and the XXX-lecia PRL.) The immediate consequence of that ferment was the initiation by the authorities to talk with the leaders of the opposition leading to the Round Table agreements. The Vladimir Lenin Steelworks, played a very important role in this process where, on April 26th, the Strike Committee was formed, led by Andrzej Szewczuwianiec. The protests in the steelworks, in which a few thousand workers participated, were brutally suppressed by the communist authorities on the night of 4 to 5 May. But the course of the protests showed that the only way out of the current situation were deep political, social and economic reforms which culminated with the talks at the Round Table, and resulted in the partially free parliamentary elections of 1989.
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Kontrowersje wokół Andrzeja Szewczuwiańca – przywódcy strajku w Hucie im. Lenina w 1988 roku. Analiza dostępnych materiałów Służby Bezpieczeństwa

100%
Krzysztonek J.
Sowiniec
|
2012
|
issue 41
53-66
EN
This paper introduces the fi gure of Andrzej Szewczuwianiec, the controversial initiator and leader of the April-May strike at Krakow’s Vladimir Lenin Steelworks in 1988. Szewczuwianiec, who was approaching 38 years of age, was not well-known among Nowa Huta’s opposition circles. Nevertheless, it was he who led the strike at the Rolling-Smashing Mill Dept. of the Steelworks. Born in Kielce, Poland, he studied medicine in Szczecin where he participated in the labour protest in December 1970. It was these protests that resulted in his expulsion from the Pomeranian Medical University. He then took a job at the Vladimir Lenin Steelworks. Since the mid-1970s he was repeatedly charged, convicted and imprisoned for ordinary crimes. At the end of the 1980s, he was actively involved in the anti-communist underground (working within the structures of the “Solidarity” and the revived Polish Socialist Party). The mysterious fi gure of Andrzej Szewczuwianiec, with a complicated, convoluted biography evokes mixed responses to this day including that he may have been an agent of the Polish Communist Political Party. Based on the memories of the strikers, the available literature on the subject, and most of the information contained in the archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the People’s Republic of Poland, attempts have been made to answer the questions as to whether he collaborated with the Polish communist political police; however, no evidence of this has been uncovered. Source criticism leads to the emergence of a biographical outline and psychological profi le sketch that may verify his true contributions to the Solidarity movement.
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