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EN
The paper deals with the preparation of young people for blue-collar occupations in Czechoslovakia in the 1970s. The topic is set in the context of exploring the dynamics of the duration and the fall of the state-socialist dictatorship, which is conceived primarily as a generational problem. Its focus of attention is on ideological tools (especially the formation of a specific collective memory) for the construction of the workers’ ‘class’ identity and social practice associated with career choices, theoretical, vocational and ‘political’ training of apprentices. Through their analysis, the paper raises the question of the possibilities and limits of the process of renewal and reproduction of basic ideological formulas at the time of political and social ‘normalization’, and their changes in the emerging ‘scientific and technological revolution’ and ongoing generational renewal. It seeks an answer to the question whether the Communist Party, traditionally resting its position of power on the workers, is able to secure this support in view of these new historical and social conditions.
PL
Od początku lat 90. socjologowie z Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego prowadzą wielowymiarowe badania biedy i wykluczenia społecznego. W latach 1997–1999, w ramach projektów „Formy ubóstwa i zagrożeń społecznych i ich przestrzenne rozmieszczenie w Łodzi” (1997–1999) oraz „The Social Cost of Economic Transformation in Central Europe: Social History of Poverty in Central Europe – The Polish Case” (1999), przeprowadzono wywiady typu family life histories z trzema generacjami rodzin wspieranych przez pomoc społeczną. W PRL-u narratorzy reprezentujący „podstawową” generację badanych (40–50-latkowie) zaliczani byli do klasy robotniczej i reprezentowali zbiorowość, którą w pewnym sensie określić można mianem „beneficjentów socjalizmu”. W okresie realizacji badań przeżywali oni traumatyczne trajektorie wywołane przez procesy pauperyzacyjne. W artykule powracamy do danych sprzed prawie 20. lat i przedstawiamy biograficzne doświadczenia narratorów w odniesieniu do ich subiektywnego rozumienia procesu transformacji. W ostatniej części artykułu odwołujemy się do badań powtórzonych, przeprowadzonych w latach 2008–2010, wskazujemy na makrostrukturalne uwarunkowania losów badanych rodzin i na czynniki znaczące dla podtrzymywania błędnego koła biedy i marginalizacji społecznej.
EN
Since 1990 the sociologists from the University of Lodz have been conducting multidimensional analyses of poverty and social exclusion. In 1997-1999, within the framework of two projects, “The Social Cost of Economic Transformation in Central Europe—Social History of Poverty in Central Europe” and “Forms of Poverty and Social Risks and Their Spatial Distribution in Lodz,” family life histories of 3 generations of the families supported by social welfare agencies were collected. In Polish People’s Republic, the narrators from the generation named “the basic” (40-50 years old) belonged to the working class and—in a sense—represented the collectivity of socialism beneficiaries; at the moment of the research they were experiencing traumatic trajectories of unexpected impoverishment. In the paper, we are coming back to the data from 1990 and discuss biographical experiences of narrators within the context of their understanding of transition process. In the last part of the article, some results of the follow-up study conducted in 2008-2010 are presented with the notion to the macrostructural conditionings of family life histories and factors decisive to the vicious circle of poverty and social exclusion.
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