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EN
The article focuses on the interpretative argument which appeals to the intentions of the participants of the legislative process in order to explain the meaning of legal texts. The author describes differences between the argument based on the intentions of the real lawgiver and the approach to legal interpretation based on the idea of the rationality of lawgiver. The main difference concerns ideal character of the presuppositons about the rationality of lawgiver contrasted with the approach concentrated on the attempt to discover actual intentions of the participants of the legislative process. The author also describes normative and conceptual arguments concerning interpretation of law based on the intentions of the real, historical lawgiver. It is argued that this approach to the legal interpretation is justified but should not be treated as one of many valid interpretative arguments which should be weighed against each other. The article contains also an example of the use of the above interpretative argument dicussed above.
EN
The paper addresses practical problems relating to the interpretation of unclearprovisions and distinguishing between statutory terms “creditor” and “enforcementagency”, based on an example provided by a decision of the Supreme AdministrativeCourt. The most interesting issue appearing in the aforementioned decision is the needto see a difference between the enforcement agency and the creditor. Alas, it seems thatin practice these two terms are often used alternatively, which is incorrect, or that theprerogatives of one of them are ascribed to the other and vice versa. This is due to the factthat in enforcement proceedings there are situations where the same entity is the creditorand the enforcement agency. Unfortunately, treating an administration agency alternatelyas the creditor and the enforcement agency attests to the lack of understanding of theprovisions of administrative enforcement proceedings, which stems from the fact thatthe issues of administrative enforcement are discussed only rarely, which gives rise to justified concerns and should be changed as soon as possible.
EN
In the context of interpretation of law, the article deals with the issue of planningin environmental protection – a phenomenon that has been experienceda kind of renaissance in Polish law. The aim of the article is to answer the question,what are the distinctive features of interpretations of environmental lawin relation to planning norms and whether and to what extent the specificityof planning acts as sources of law determines their interpretation. The article ispreliminary. It aims to identify problems and determine directions for furtherresearch. Starting from the presentation of planning acts in the environmentallaw as a source of legal norms’ reconstruction, it is pointed out that the difficultiesof interpreting planning acts as sources of law reflect their special legalcharacter. Analyzing then the nature of planning norms in environmental law, itis noted that (similarly to other planning norms) their diversity is a consequenceof the legal nature’s diversity of planning acts. The specificity of the interpretationof planning norms is presented in some examples. Finally, the impact of planningin environmental law on evolutionary tendencies of the legal model in Poland, inthe light of Ph. Nonet and Ph. Selznick’s theory is noted.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje, w kontekście wykładni prawa, problematykę planowania w ochronie środowiska – zjawiska które przeżywa obecnie swoisty renesans. Celem rozważań jest odpowiedź na pytanie, jakie są odrębności wykładni prawa ochrony środowiska w odniesieniu do norm planowych oraz czy i na ile swoistość aktów planowania jako źródeł prawa determinuje też ich wykładnię. Artykuł ma charakter wstępny i ukierunkowany jest na identyfikację problemów badawczych oraz wyznaczenie kierunków dalszych poszukiwań. Wychodząc od przedstawienia aktów planistycznych w prawie ochrony środowiska jako źródła rekonstrukcji normy prawnej, wskazano, iż trudności wykładni aktów planistycznych jako źródeł prawotwórczych stanowią refleks ich szczególnego charakteru prawnego. Analizując następnie charakter norm planowych w prawie ochrony środowiska, zauważa się, iż (podobnie jak inne normy planowe) wykazują one duże zróżnicowanie, będące pochodną różnorodności charakteru prawnego aktów planistycznych. Autorka podkreśla też swoistość wykładni norm planowych, prezentując przykłady odrębności, które również związane są ze swoistymi cechami norm planowych, w tym ich przynależnością do prawa ochrony środowiska. Na koniec zauważa wpływ planowania w prawie ochrony środowiska na tendencje ewolucyjne modelu prawa w Polsce w świetle teorii P. Noneta i P. Selznicka.
EN
According to the anthropocentric theory of human languages by F. Grucza and the human language linguistics by S. Grucza every understanding is the understanding of a particular person. Therefore while interpreting a legal text, translator should apprehend original text’s interpretation as the lawyer would. It means that in recreating the law texts, the translator should base his understanding on rules used by lawyers. Translational interpretation, in my understanding, includes as follows: rules of law interpretation (tailored especially for translators), text receiver and author of source and target texts, as well as the type of text and translational goal.
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