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Konserwacja reliktów murów Zamku Wawelskiego : prace w latach 1986-1988

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Stępień P.

Ochrona Zabytków

1989

issue 2

153-159

Archaeological and architectural studies conducted within the Wawel Hill uncovered numerous relics of walls from structures that have not survived or from previous phases of existing structures. The material present in these relics is non-porous limestone of the Jurassic period, dolomitic limestone, Carpathian glauconite sandstone, brick and lime-sandstone mortar. The principal problem in conservation and its technique is the destruction of the lime mortar, which loses its resistance and cohesiveness due to the rinsing out of the components, the influence of soluble salts and acid compounds, as well as temperature and humidity changes; at the same time there can be corrosion of the stone and brick. A sudden acceleration of the process of destruction can take place with exposure of the walls. For this.reason conservation work should be carried out in a short time following exposure. Conservation procedures depend on whether the relics are to be exhibited (in this case the aesthetic value and the legibility are important) or covered up anew (in which case the measures taken should prove very durable). It is always important to retain the original value of the object as a document The following requirements have been accepted for the technique of reinforcement of walls: deep penetration, durability, low cost wherever possible. These requirements are met first of all by acrylic resins and their derivatives. In the studies discussed the resins were used in three forms: — the solution of acrylic resin in organic solvents (the Osolan KL preparation), — the aqueous dispersion of vinyl-maleic-acrylic resin (the Osakryl KM preparation), — the aqueous dispersion of styrene-maleic copolymer with acrylic acid and reticulating agents (the Oktamid KSM and Oktamid WD preparations) The author discusses the advantages and limitations of the above-mentioned techniques and the work progress on the following: the relics of the wall of the northern nave of the St. Gereon church at Batory Courtyard, the relics of the northern side of the palace, the relics of the rotunda of the Sandomierska Tower, relics belonging to ,,The Lost Wawel" exhibition, i.e. two pillar foundations in the so-called „Large Kitchen" and relics in the so-called „Small Kitchen", a fragment of an early- Gothic wall with an oculus window on the 1st floor of the gate wing. The preservation of relics that are to be covered with sand anew will also depend on the manner of their being covered up. Basing on Polish and foreign experience, the following principles have been adopted: the filling up of hollows with sand, which facilitates repeated preparation, — the covering of relics with plastic netting, which protects from possible damage during the subsequent excavation, — the covering up with a 2 5 -3 0 cm layer of clay or silt, which protects from water and acts as a desalting „compress", — the filling up of the remaining excavation with permeable material, — the protection of the area's surface from water penetration. The above-mentioned work was carried out in the years 1 9 8 6 1988 by a team headed by the author and acting as part of the State Ateliers for the Conservation of Cultural Property — the Board of the Renovation of the Royal Castle at Wawel.

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Stępień P.

1 1989

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Konserwacja reliktów murów Zamku Wawelskiego : prace w latach 1986-1988