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1

The Distribution of Power in Families with a Young Adult and in Families with an Adolescent

100%
Jelonkiewicz I.
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
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2005
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vol. 50
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issue 1(195)
125-159
EN
The aim of this study was to compare the structural characteristics of the family system (family power structure) in families with young adults and in families with adolescents. The study covered both the perceived and the desired power structure in the family, and its concurrence among family members (their own perceptions of power vs. the amount of power ascribed to other family members). Two groups of families were examined using self-report questionnaires: in 1997 - 124 families living in Warsaw with at least one child in a specified age range (19-25) and in 1999 - 207 families with at least one child aged 14-18. All family members were asked to fill out questionnaires at the same time during a session held at their home. The findings of the study indicate a clear power structure in the family. All family members (in both groups) perceived the family power structure in a similar way. The least amount of power was ascribed to the child, somewhat more power to the father, and the most to the mother. In the desired hierarchy of power, more power was ascribed to parents but at the same time all the family members would expect the child to have more power. In families with young adults all the family members were in agreement in their rating of power distribution in the family. In families with adolescents, a discrepancy between fathers and children was found.
2

TIME FOR BEING THANKFUL: BALANCED TIME PERSPECTIVE AND GRATITUDE

100%
Szczesniak M., Timoszyk-Tomczak C.
Studia Psychologica
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2018
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vol. 60
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issue 3
150 – 166
EN
The aim of this report is twofold: 1) to demonstrate how grateful disposition is related to time perspectives in late adolescents and young people in the process of transition into early adulthood; 2) to verify whether age indeed moderates the relationship between the present-hedonistic dimension and gratitude, as well as future and gratitude in such a way that these relationships are stronger in high school students and undergraduates than in graduates. The results provide strong support for the hypothesis that gratitude is higher in the case of the past-positive, present-hedonistic, and future time perspectives. As regards the reverse correlations, deviation from a balanced time perspective is positively associated with gratitude GQ-6 and IPIP-VIA. This suggests that different types of focus on recalling the past, experiencing the present, and facing the future might predict a grateful disposition and gratitude. Moreover, age moderated the relationship between the present-hedonistic perspective and gratitude.
3

THE EXPERIENCES OF LOSS AND THE BODY IMAGE IN YOUNG ADULTS

100%
Rzeszutek M., Schier K.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
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2008
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vol. 17
89-110
EN
The aim of this work was to investigate the links between the trauma of loss, depression and body image in young adults. In connection to the attachment theory (psychodynamic point of view), and from the perspective of the contemporary psychology of personality and the social psychology we accepted the presumption stating that the experience of trauma of loss in life of young adults can be connected with the occurrence of depressive states and with changes in their body image. In terms of controversies, concerning the definition of the term 'trauma' in the literature, a list of several losses was created, that we defined as the 'trauma of loss'. The concept of body image was defined as a mental representation of a human's body, which is usually unconscious and have cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects. Body image is a part of person's identity. The subjects of this study were 150 students of five different universities in Warsaw (30 persons from each university) in the age between 18 and 26 years, such as the University of Warsaw, the Warsaw University of Technology, the Medical University of Warsaw, the Warsaw School of Economics and the Academy of Fine Arts. The subjects filled in a survey, concerning different forms of losses, that they could possible experience in their lives, 'The Multidimensional Bod - Self Relations Questionnaire - (MBSRQ)' of Thomas F. Cash and 'The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition - (BDI -II)' of Aaron T. Beck. The obtained results show that the experience of trauma of loss in young adults is connected with the experience of depression and with changes on some dimensions of their body image. The outcome of the analysis proved that the persons 'with trauma' differ from the persons without losses in such categories of perceptions of their body, like: the evaluation of the appearance, the fitness orientation, the physical fitness, the somatic health and the overweight preoccupation. Depending on the localization in time of the traumatic experience (in the last 12 months, earlier and in childhood) the body image of the subjects differed.
4

FINANCIAL PLANNING FOR RETIREMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS: INTERACTION OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE, KNOWLEDGE, AND BELIEFS

100%
Bačová V., Dudeková K., Kostovičová L., Baláž V.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 59
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issue 2
84 – 99
EN
The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of professional financial experience on the relationships between financial knowledge and beliefs on financial planning for retirement (FPR) in young adults. We designed a domain-specific personal belief inventory comprising all important components involved in FPR. Financial professionals (n = 145) demonstrated greater knowledge of the financial retirement system compared with non-professionals (n = 382). The two groups, however, differed neither in objective nor self-rated general financial literacy. In non-professionals, higher financial literacy was positively linked to trust in the 2nd pension pillar, self-assessed competence in FPR, personal engagement in FPR, perceiving FPR as less emotionally loaded and FPR task as fewer complex. These predicted relationships were not found among professionals. Thus, professional experience in financial domain seems to bring a deeper and particularized insight into the pros and cons of the pension system, and consequently vacillating beliefs about FPR.
5

TOO FAR AWAY TO CARE ABOUT? PREDICTING PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPAREDNESS FOR RETIREMENT FINANCIAL PLANNING AMONG YOUNG EMPLOYED ADULTS

100%
Bačová V., Kostovičová L.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 1
43 – 63
EN
Knowing which factors underlie beliefs concerning financial planning for retirement (FPR) among young adults is essential for designing interventions to support their actual FPR. Therefore, we examined predictors of FPR-related beliefs and current retirement savings in a sample of 502 employed Slovak adults aged 20 to 35 years. Actual savings and all dimensions of psychological preparedness for FPR were positively predicted by retirement financial literacy and self-rated financial literacy. Moreover, we found that perceived FPR emotional load decreases with education, and perceived FPR task complexity diminishes with age. Further, increasing income was predictive of a higher subjective FPR competence and a perception of FPR as less stressful. Finally, professional experience in the financial domain was linked to a higher self-assessed capability in terms of FPR, but also with a lower personal FPR engagement. Our findings stress the need for effective communication of information about FPR’s relevance to young people.
6

EMPATHY AND HUMILITY AS PREDICTORS OF FORGIVENESS TOWARDS ONE’S PARTNER AND RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION IN YOUNG ADULTS

100%
Fupšová T., Záhorcová L.
Studia Psychologica
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2022
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vol. 64
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issue 3
243 – 255
EN
The study examines whether empathy and humility (both as individual characteristics and partner’s perceived characteristics) are predictors of forgiveness towards one’s partner and relationship satisfaction in young adults. The sample consisted of 226 young adults (M = 23.3; SD = 2.38). Participants completed the following battery: Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking Scale from the IRI, subscales Global Humility and Superiority from the RHS, the TRIM-18, Required Conditions for Forgiveness, and the RAS. The open-ended question concerned the conditions under which participants forgive their partner. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that conditions for forgiveness explained 7.6% of the variance in forgiveness toward one’s partner, while empathy and humility explained an additional 13.8% of that variance. The individual’s perspective-taking and their partner’s perceived empathy positively predicted forgiveness towards one’s partner, and perceived partner’s superiority predicted negatively. The multiple regression analysis showed that empathy, humility, and forgiveness towards one’s partner explain 43.4% of the variance in relationship satisfaction, (F(9, 216) = 20.13, p < .001). The strongest negative predictor of relationship satisfaction was partner’s superiority and the strongest positive predictor was forgiveness towards one’s partner. Forgiveness towards one’s partner and partner’s perceived empathy and humility seem to play an important role in relationship satisfaction.
7

Orientacja na wartości indywidualistyczne vs kolektywistyczne jako podstawa wyjaśniania zachowań kooperacyjnych

100%
Babka J.
Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja
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2012
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issue 2(58)
121-138
EN
Changes in the contemporary world are manifested by shifting from society-oriented attitude to a more individualistic approach, from responsibility to self-accomplishment, from cooperation to freedom and competition. In view of the changes towards individualism, the problem of cooperation among junior high school students entering adulthood, so far neglected in educational studies, has been approached. The article searches for prerequisites of the relation between individualism versus collectivism and the readiness of an individual to cooperate. Individualism is related to the self-orientation, whereas collectivism means „towards others” attitude. Theoretical analyses are completed with the analysis of a section of research on treating adolescents' orientation on individualistic versus collectivistic values as a factor differentiating cooperation under task situations. It does not mean, however, that adolescents stopped appreciating collectivistic values. This tendency complies with the decisions made by other authors. The hypothesis about the difference in results concerning cooperative behaviours depending on a particular orientation, namely on individualistic and collectivitis values, has not been confirmed. At this level of the analysis there are no grounds for concluding whether the individualistic or the collectivistic orientation is more in favour of cooperation. It is probable that cooperation involves both individualistic as well as collectivistic values. It is in agreement with the views of other authors that individualism and collectivism can co-exist. The considerations in the paper are a reason for seeking possibilities of joining personal interest of an individual with pro-community cooperation, which is an important issue in terms of conceptualisation of the vision of the community as well as in terms of the undertaken educational activities for young generation.
8
Content available remote

ACTION, REACTION, INACTION? YOUNG ADULTS, CITIZENSHIP IN BRITAIN

88%
Grundy S., Jamieson L.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2004
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vol. 36
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issue 3
237-252
EN
This paper examines young adults' orientations to citizenship in Britain, drawing on surveys of random samples of 18-24 year olds. A range of experiences, behaviour and attitudes are explored including: citizenship education, voting, attitude to voting, party affiliation, participation in clubs and societies and engagement with social and political issues. These questions have been asked at a time when citizenship is on many agendas and there is much concern about the apparent apathy of young people regarding local, national and supranational issues. In Britain, some commentators hoped that the advent of a Scottish parliament would help re-engage young people in Scotland with politics and citizenship. This paper compares young people living in Edinburgh, Scotland with young people living in Manchester, an equivalent sized city in England. Like previous research, our data show that while young people are interested in social and political issues they do not focus their concerns on engagement with formal political systems. Many hold negative views about politics, such as feeling that they have little control over what the government does. However, young people's disaffection with voting is somewhat lower in Edinburgh than Manchester despite no greater faith in political parties. This may be an effect of the Scottish parliament. At the same time, young people in Edinburgh are only slightly more likely to be involved in associations and no more likely to be interested in and engaged with a range of wider social and political issues. If there is an effect of devolution on active citizenship, it is, at least for this cohort of young citizens, a very modest one.
9

LIFE STORIES OF YOUNG ADULTS FROM LOW STATUS FAMILIES

88%
Warzywoda-Kruszynska W., Rek M.
Przegląd Socjologiczny
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2007
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vol. 56
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issue 2
171-188
EN
The article is devoted to analysis of life careers of young adults from low socio-economic status inhabiting eight towns under study. The empirical basis for the article is in-depth interviews with young adults from low status families. Special attention was paid to the issue of reproduction of social inequalities and to the impact of institutional actors on the respondents' life careers. Research sample was selected among survey participants who originated from low status families.
10
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CYRILO-METODSKÁ TRADÍCIA V LITERATÚRE PRE DETI A MLÁDEŽ V PREDUMELECKOM OBDOBÍ (ČÍTANKA, NÁRODNIE SPIEVANKY, SLOVENSKÁ ČÍTANKA)

75%
Petríková M.
Konštantínove listy
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2021
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vol. 14
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issue 1
113 - 122
EN
The study focuses on the Cyrillo-Methodian references in literature for children and young adults of the pre-artistic period. The works are studied within the context of (non-intentional → intentional) literature for children and young adults which are part of Enlightenment educational literature and literature of the Matica Slovenská period, seeking the thematic connections with the life and work of missionaries Cyril and Methodius and finding out how the editors of the works connected the texts with the Great Moravian period (for example in note-taking apparatus). The most important works of Enlightenment educational literature are studied (Čítanka, Národnie spievanky by Ján Kollár) and literature for children and young adults of the Matica Slovenská period (Slovenská čítanka by Emil Černý). Literature for children and young adult of the Štúr period is also considered, since according to O. Sliacky (2013), the members of the Štúr’s circle authorized Emil Černý to arrange a literary anthology which contained literary texts from the Romantic period.
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