Search results

1

The Impact of the Chinese Diaspora in the U.S. on the American View of China

100%

Misiuna J.

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

|

2018

|

vol. 22

|

issue 1

153-168

EN

The first Chinese immigrants arrived in the United States in the 1820s and initially their presence did not result in improving the American perception of China. On the contrary – intense immigration from China led to the development of racist and xenophobic attitudes towards the Chinese (Yellow Peril), which culminated in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. During the Second World War, China became an important ally of the United States, which triggered a succession of changes to laws barring Chinese immigration (Magnuson Act). Contemporary Chinese Americans – particularly Taiwanese Americans – can be located in the upper spheres of immigrant population: they are considered to be a well-educated and affluent group. This paper presents the historical and contemporary socio-economic characteristics of the Sino-American population set against a historical and legal background.

2

Germany and the Boxer Uprising in China

72%

Kočvar J.

West Bohemian Historical Review

|

2015

|

vol. 5

|

issue 2

121-167

EN

In late 1890’s, a xenophobic Yihetuan (“Boxer”) movement emerged in German sphere of influence in Shandong. In 1900, the movement spread into the neighbouring province of Zhili and was largely tolerated by anti-foreign officials. Foreign diplomats failed to understand this threat. As a consequence of hasty and miscalculated moves of both sides, the Chinese court found itself in the middle of an open conflict with the great powers. Since mid-June, foreign detachments were fighting with governmental troops in Zhili; on June 20, German Minister to China was killed and the siege of the Beijing legations began. German forces in the Far East were too limited to participate much on the fighting. Germany sent a large expeditionary force to the Far East, but these troops arrived too late to take part on the conquest of Beijing on 14 August 1900. Allied forces under supreme command of German Field Marshall Alfred von Waldersee occupied Zhili and conducted many punitive operations at the country. During the crisis, Germany gained bad reputation for the conduct of her troops.

3

Germany, China, and the Way to the Boxer Uprising

58%

Kočvar J.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

|

2014

|

issue 1

41-62

EN

Prior to 1897, Sino‑German relations were generally peaceful and in some respects beneficiary. Yet since the seizure of Jiaozhou, Germany was following a policy of harshness and used any opportunity to exert pressure on China. This was due to widespread feeling of racial, cultural, and religious superiority. Even though Germany wasn’t the first great power to gain Chinese territory after the Sino‑Japanese War, German seizure of Jiaozhou started the Scramble for Concessions. Christian missionaries didn’t respect Chinese beliefs, and they were in most cases supporting their converts against Chinese justice at all costs. The missionaries themselves were supported by Germany. German military had undertaken many punitive expeditions against inhabitants of Shandong, thus radicalized the people. At the same time, the “Boxer” movement had emerged in Shandong Due to inappropriate response of the authorities, the movement gained significance, and at the eve of the year 1900 it was ready to cause havoc in the metropolitan province of Zhili. At the court in Beijing, the most influential group was represented by anti‑foreign aristocrats.

Refine search results

1 International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

1 Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

1 West Bohemian Historical Review

2 Kočvar J.

1 Misiuna J.

1 2018

1 2015

1 2014

The Impact of the Chinese Diaspora in the U.S. on the American View of China

Germany and the Boxer Uprising in China

Germany, China, and the Way to the Boxer Uprising