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Testament naukowy Jurija Łotmana

100%
Żyłko B.
Acta Neophilologica
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2012
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issue XIV/2
259-273
EN
Yuri Lotman started his research activity in the field of literary theory (widely: theory of culture) as orthodox structuralist at the beginning of the 1970s. The concept of structure has been based on the structural linguistic theories and adopted to develop research on literary works as well as “cultural texts”. The last ones concern the perception of structure not only in terms of the “level of expression”, but also the “level of content” that can be analysed with the use of peculiar procedures. The strict procedures rely on distinguishing the set of “binary oppositions” in the “structure of content” to illustrate the author’s perception of reality and his “model of the world”. Lotman was convinced that ideological and artistic structures are immersed in history. They have a dynamic nature (likewise the culture which was seen as the complicated “semiosphere” with its processes, predictable or unpredictable as well as the innovative “explosion” mechanisms). Therefore, Lotman in his later years moves away from cultural self-models based on “binary oppositions” to “ternary” system. In spite of the evident evolution of his concepts Lotman was always devoted to the doctrine of knowledge and never left the humanistic ideals using them for research purposes. The scientific models and sources of inspiration could be changeable, but pathos and scientific rationality never left him. His structuralism was at its peak with possibility of evolution, infinitely flexible, individual, accidental, unpredictable or even “explosive”, but never was the betrayal of previous ideals.
2

Semiotyka historii w pracach szkoły tartusko-moskiewskiej

100%
Żyłko B.
Rocznik Antropologii Historii
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2014
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issue 1(6), Semiotyka historii
19–33
XX
One of the main research interests of the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School was history. It started with Boris Uspensky and his paper Historia sub specie semioticae (1974), and was more comprehensively expanded in the last volume of the series Sign Systems Studies, entitled Semiotics and History (1992). The article focuses on two different approaches to semiotic and historical issues, which were expressed in the works of two leading representatives of the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School, Yuri Lotman and Boris Uspensky. A comparative analysis of these different approaches enables us to reveal their starting points, assumptions and inspirations, as well as heuristic capabilities.
3

Proces historyczny w „punkcie bifurkacji” – Jurija Łotmana koncepcja zmiany kulturowej

100%
Brocki M.
Rocznik Antropologii Historii
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2014
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issue 1(6), Semiotyka historii
41–48
XX
According to Lotman in the later stage of his work, the historical process consists of periods of stable and predictable turns of events and ‘explosions’ which can change the direction in which culture develops, and the vector of this change is impossible to predict a priori. The theory of ‘explosion’, in which coincidence and the extra-structural (human) factor determine the development of the historical process, is at the heart of his view on the way semiosphere is organised and organises itself. The article confronts such a model of cultural change with empirical material concerning grass-root experiences of the ‘great change’ at the turn of the 80s and 90s.
4
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Semiotics of History in the Works of the Tartu-Moscow Group

63%
Żyłko B.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2019
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vol. 63
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issue 3
31-43
EN
This article examines the contribution of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics to semiotic studies of history, with the main focus on the work of Yuri Lotman and Boris Uspensky.
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