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EN
This study explores different variations on the theme of “memory” in Yves Bonnefoy’s poetry and translations. In his latest works, the poet bequeaths to his readers his childhood memories entrusting them with a mission with which he invests poetry: to celebrate, against oblivion, the “memory” of the experience shared with others. Moreover, memory is both the source and the process of poetic creation, as his practise as a translator also demonstrates. If the task of the translator, according to Bonnefoy, coincides with a search, an exploration of the depths of the sea that is every language, in order to bring forth from the dark the light of a restorative word, then, by translating the verses of other poets, Bonnefoy relives the experience of poetry through a new poetic act, recalling each time the intuition and the emotion.
FR
Compte tenu de l’acception polysémique du mot, cette étude explore les différentes déclinaisons de la « mémoire » dans la pratique de la poésie et de la traduction d’Yves Bonnefoy. Avec ses dernières œuvres, le poète lègue à son lecteur ses « mémoires » d’enfance, en lui confiant la mission dont il investit la poésie : célébrer, contre l’oubli, la « mémoire » de l’expérience partagée avec autrui. En outre, la mémoire constitue en même temps la source et le processus de la création poétique, comme le démontre aussi sa pratique de la traduction. Si la « tâche » du traducteur selon Bonnefoy coïncide avec une recherche, l’exploration des profondeurs de la mer qu’est chaque langue dans le but de faire resurgir de l’étendue sombre et silencieuse de la nuit la lumière d’une parole réparatrice, en traduisant les vers d’autres poètes, Bonnefoy revit l’expérience de la poésie à travers un nouvel acte poïétique, en remémorant chaque fois l’intuition et l’émotion.
IT
Yves Bonnefoy, il più grande poeta francese della seconda metà del Novecento, è stato anche traduttore, soprattutto di testi inglesi, tra i quali l’opera intera di Shakespeare. Alla fine della sua vita, dedicata in parte allo studio dell’arte italiana (Rinascimento, Barocco, arte moderna), ha tradotto ventiquattro sonetti di Petrarca. In questo articolo abbiamo lo scopo di mostrare la coerenza dell’opera di Bonnefoy. Ha sviluppato un’etica della poesia che comprendeva anche la traduzione, “scuola del rispetto” (verso l’autore del testo sorgente, nonché verso se stesso e verso i lettori). Ha scelto per la traduzione dei sonetti di Petrarca parole, ritmi, costruzioni di frasi che si trovano nelle sue poesie. La violenza e la teatralità di questi sonetti assomigliano a quelle di Douve o di Nell’ insidia della soglia. Ne consegue che mentre traduce fedelmente, collega i versi di Petrarca ai suoi, nella continuità della sua propria opera.
PL
Yves Bonnefoy, najsłynniejszy poeta francuski drugiej połowy XX wieku, był także tłumaczem. Przeważnie tłumaczył teksty angielskie, m.in. całą spuściznę Szekspira. Opracował, w esejach i wywiadach, swoją własną wizję tłumaczenia, a pod koniec życia poświęcił się po części badaniom sztuki włoskiej (renesans, barok, sztuka nowoczesna), przetłumaczył dwadzieścia jeden sonetów Petrarki. W tym artykule proponujemy ukazanie spójności pracy Yves’a Bonnefoy. Rozwinął on pewną etykę poezji, która obejmowała również przekłady, definiowana zaś była jako „szkoła szacunku” (wobec autora tekstu źródłowego, wobec siebie i wobec czytelników). Do swoich tłumaczeń sonetów Petrarki wybrał słowa, rytmy i frazy, które znalazł we własnych zbiorach wierszy. Przemoc i teatralność tych sonetów przypomina tę z Douve’a lub In the lure of the Threshold. W rezultacie, wiernie tłumacząc, łączy wersety Petrarki z własnymi, w ciągłości własnej pracy.
EN
Yves Bonnefoy, the most famous French poet of the second part of the XXth century, was also a translator. He mainly translated English texts, and among them the whole work of Shakespeare. He has developed, in essays and interviews, his vision of the translation, and at the end of his life partially dedicated to the study of Italian Art (Renaissance, Baroque, Modern Art), he translated twenty one sonnets of Petrarch. In this article we propose to show the coherence of the work of Yves Bonnefoy. He developed an ethics of poetry that also included translation, defined as “the school of the respect” (towards the author of the source text, towards oneself and towards readers). For his translation of Petrarch’s sonnets he chose words, rhythms, and phrases that were found in his collections of poems. The violence and the theatricality of these sonnets resemble those of Douve or In the lure of the Threshold. As a result, while translating faithfully, he links Petrarch’s verses to his own, in the continuity of his own work.
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