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Navigare necesse est. Possible reconstruction of a maritime-activities related occupation based on the presence of auditory exostoses in an individual from the Roman period city of Iader

100%
Novak M., Alihodžić T., Šlaus M.
Anthropological Review
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2013
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vol. 76
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issue 1
83-94
EN
Large bilateral auditory exostoses were recorded in the skeleton of an adult male buried in the Roman period necropolis of Zadar-Relja (the Roman colony of Iader) in southern Croatia. As the occurrence of auditory exostoses in both past and modern populations has been correlated with prolonged exposure to cold water, the authors propose that during his lifetime this individual performed activities requiring frequent contact with cold water for an extended period of time. Apart from auditory exostoses, this individual also exhibits other pathological changes including pronounced skeletal robustness, benign cortical defects at the insertion of the pectoralis major muscles on both humeri and at the attachment sites of the costo-clavicular ligaments on both clavicles, and vertebral osteoarthritis in the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The most plausible explanation for all these changes is that this person spent most of his life working aboard a sea vessel as a sailor, boat builder or fisherman, and whose duties included frequent and intensive use of oars. This observation is based on the geographic and climatic location of Zadar, the described skeletal changes, the archaeological context of the site, recovered material artifacts and written historic sources and comparisons with similar studies.
2
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Verses of Faith and Devotion. Seeing, Reading, and Touching Monumental Crucifixes with Inscriptions (12th–13th century)

86%
Marušić M. M.
Studia Ceranea
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2016
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vol. 6
397-421
EN
The paper discusses a group of monumental crucifixes from the 13th-century East Adriatic and Italy, pained or executed in low relief, that display a verse inscriptions on the transverse limb of the cross. The main scope of the paper is to examine the provenance of the text inscribed in order to yield clearer insight into their function, use and original location in the church interiors. The paper specifically aims at analyzing three monumental crucifixes from the East-Adriatic city of Zadar which, although have already been the subject of a respectable number of studies, have not attracted attention as objects of devotion. My interest, therefore, is turned towards verse inscription as their distinctive feature and, as I shall argue, a key aspect in understanding their function. Examining the nature of the text displayed, iconography and materiality of these crucifixes, my main argument is to demonstrate how these objects provoked a multi-faced response from their audience, since were experienced by seeing, hearing and touching respectively.
3
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Misja Sędziwoja z Szubina do Zadaru. Epizod z czasów bezkrólewia w Polsce 1382-1384

75%
Wróbel D. A.
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
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2018
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vol. 25
69-88
EN
The article concerns one of the most mysterious and exciting episodes from the Interregnum after the death of Polish and Hungarian king Louis of Anjou in September 1382. The voivode of Kalisz Sędziwój of Szubin went to Hungary to bring to Poland the daughter of the deceased ruler – princess Hedwig, but he did not achieve his aim. He was arrested in Zadar (now in Croatia) together with his companions, while Hungarian queen Elisabeth of Bosnia sent to Poland a young Jan of Tarnów, son of the castellan of Sandomierz with the task of occupying the Wawel castle in Cracow. The author argues that Sędziwój's departure from Cracow, his unfavorable meeting with queen Elisabeth in Zadar and his escape to Poland after his internment happened in 1383. This has a fundamental impact on the perception of this political mission and its significance in the context of Polish-Hungarian relations during this period.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy jednego z najbardziej tajemniczych i sensacyjnych epizodów z czasu bezkrólewia po śmierci Ludwika Andegaweńskiego. Wojewoda kaliski Sędziwój z Szubina pojechał na Węgry po królewnę Jadwigę przeznaczoną na tron polski, lecz nie zdołał zrealizować celu swojej misji. Został zatrzymany w Zadarze wraz ze swymi  towarzyszami, natomiast królowa Elżbieta Bośniaczka wysłała do Polski młodego Jana z Tarnowa, syna kasztelana sandomierskiego z zadaniem zajęcia zamku wawelskiego. Autor dowodzi, że wyjazd Sędziwoja z Krakowa, jego feralne spotkanie z królową Elżbietą w Zadarze i jego ucieczka do Polski miały miejsce w 1383 r. Ma to  zasadnicze wpływ na postrzeganie charakteru misji i jej znaczenia w kontekście relacji polsko-węgierskich w tym okresie.
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