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Uwarunkowania procesu transformacji na Ukrainie

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Michalski T., Kuczabski A., Gdański T. M. U., Aleksander Kuczalski - Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
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2014
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issue 17
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono główne czynniki (wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne), które wpłynęły na procesy transformacji ustrojowej w europejskich i zakaukaskich krajach postkomunistycznych. W drugiej części artykułu skupiono się na czynnikach, które zadecydowały, że jak dotychczas proces transformacji ustrojowej na Ukrainie jest bardzo słabo zaawansowany.
EN
After the fall of the Socialist system, processes of transformation began in them. These processes were influenced by factors of both the external and the internal nature. As a result of their impact, European and Transcaucasian post-communist countries are a very diverse group of countries. Some of them (such as the current member states of the European Union and NATO) took full advantage of the weakness of Russia and are now stable democracies with an average level of the inhabitants’ life. Others are still characterised by incomplete democracy and poor society. However, the period of free elections in the studied group of countries is already coming to an end due to neo- -imperial policy of W. Putin, which is best exemplified by Russian actions in Georgia and Ukraine. Ukraine belongs to the countries that for various reasons have not made use of a historic opportunity to build a democratic and prosperous society, although after Euromaidan the country's present authorities do their best to accelerate the process of transition. Unfortunately, the Russian actions (including military ones) effectively prevent this.
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Osiemnastowieczny ormiański bard Zakaukazia

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Szmurło Z.
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
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2014
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vol. 11
225-243
EN
In the article is shown figure of Sayat-Nova – the outstanding an Armenian po-et, musician and ashugh who composed a number of languages, including Armeni-an, Georgian, Azeri, Persian who lived and created in Transcaucasia in 18-th cen-tury. Sayat-Nova was born as Harutyun Sayatayan in 1712 in Tiflis. His adopted name Sayat Nova meant „King of Songs”. He was skilled in writing poetry, singing, and playing the kamancheh. He performed in the court of Heraclius II King of Georgia. He lost his position at court when he fell in love with the king's sister, and the rest of the life, after the ordination, he spent on the province as the clergyman. In 1795 he was killed by the army of Agha Mohammed Khan, and is buried at the Cathedral of Saint George, Tbilisi. About 220 songs can be attributed to Sayat-Nova, although he may have written thousands more. A number of his songs are sung to this day.
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