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Prace Kulturoznawcze
|
2020
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vol. 24
|
issue 1
67-81
XX
The aim of this paper is to analyze notes written by Zalmen Gradowski during his time as a Sonderkommando in Auschwitz-Birkenau by means of the concept of the moral witness proposed by Avishai Margalit in The Ethics of Memory. Applying this general but well-conceived concept to an individual problematic testimony allows one to refine the matter of context that shapes moral testimony, and at the same time enables a systematic analysis of Gradowski’s moral testimony. This paper formulates further observations and questions regarding the concept of the moral witness, thus taking the paradigmatic moral witness to a more complex level, and then creates a template for a structured analysis of the especially subtle phenomenon that is individual moral testimony.
EN
The notes by Zalman Gradowski, one of the leaders of the rebellion of the Sonderkommando in Auschwitz-Birkenau, are one of the most important Holocaust documents created by its victims right from its epicentre as the crime progressed. Their fragments were published in Poland and Israel. Gradowski was a religious Jews from Grodno. At the camp, he prayed every day, and wrote down details of each transport. His family: mother, wife, and children, were murdered in the gas chambers immediately upon arriving at Auschwitz. The author of the article analysed the literary value of this exceptional document, which consists of diary notes of a narrative nature, and evocative lyrical passages being a discussion with God deeply rooted in Judaic traditions. Thus, one reads an account of the nature of a report and lament. That exceptional – given its place of origin and literary value – record of the crime, and the suffering of the victims of the Holocaust urges one to ask once more about the inexpressibility of Shoah.
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