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1

Zbyněk Žába a Národní muzeum

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Onderka P., Podhorný R.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2017

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issue 18

33-38

EN

Zbyněk Žába largely contributed to the popularization of history and culture of ancient Egypt in Czechoslovakia through his frequent cooperation with the National Museum. He helped to organize a number of exhibitions. He determined and published several objects from the museum’s collections in catalogues, as well as scholarly and popular journals. The National Museum also received a share of finds from the excavations of the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology in Abusir and Nubia directed by Zbyněk Žába. After Žába’s death, his private collection of Egyptian antiquities was sold to the museum.

2

Sto let výuky egyptologie v češtině

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Bareš L.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2019

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issue 22

5-20

EN

In April 1919, František Lexa, at that time a grammar school teacher of mathematics, physics and philosophy, started to lecture on Egyptology at the Czech Faculty of Arts of Charles University. Only three years later, he became Associate Professor of Egyptology at the faculty. As the only Egyptologist at the faculty (it was not until 1930 that his former pupil, Jaroslav Černý, started to read some lectures alongside him as a private senior lecturer), Lexa addressed a broad range of themes during his lectures. For several years in the mid-1930s, he was the only professor of Egyptology in Europe who taught Demotic studies. After the outbreak of World War II, when the Czech universities were closed by the Nazi regime, Lexa retired, to be reactivated immediately after the war’s end. Jaroslav Černý joined him again for a while until he left for England in 1946. Their pupil, Zbyněk Žába (who graduated in Egyptology in 1949), followed Lexa as Professor of Egyptology at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University since 1959. The number of students was strictly limited during the Communist regime – only five of them (Miroslav Verner and Jaromír Málek among them) graduated between 1960 and 1990. Following Zbyněk Žába’s death in 1971, moreover, the study of Egyptology itself was almost cancelled at the faculty due to the tightening political situation. Since 1989, Egyptology is regularly taught at the Faculty of Arts, and the number of students has increased rapidly. At the same time, the lectures are read by a much greater number of specialists, including visiting professors from abroad.

CS

V roce 1919 začal František Lexa, v té době gymnaziální profesor matematiky, fyziky a filozofické propedeutiky, přednášet egyptologii na české filozofické fakultě Karlovy univerzity. O tři roky později se na téže fakultě stal mimořádným profesorem. Jako jediný egyptolog v rámci celé fakulty (teprve v roce 1930 začal jeho bývalý žák Jaroslav Černý na téže fakultě přednášet jako soukromý docent) vedl přednášky o velké tematické šíři. V polovině 30. let jako jediný v celé Evropě vyučoval démotštinu. Po vypuknutí 2. světové války byly české vysoké školy uzavřeny nacisty a František Lexa odešel do penze, ale hned po konci války se opět vrátil na fakultu. Na krátkou dobu se k němu opět připojil i Jaroslav Černý, ten však v roce 1946 odešel přednášet do Anglie. Jejich žák Zbyněk Žába egyptologii absolvoval v roce 1949 a posléze se stal Lexovým nástupcem jako profesor egyptologie na Filozofické fakultě Univerzity Karlovy (od roku 1959). Za komunistického režimu byl počet studentů přísně omezen – mezi lety 1960 a 1990 tak tento obor úspěšně vystudovalo pouze pět absolventů (mezi nimi Miroslav Verner a Jaromír Málek). Po smrti Zbyňka Žáby v roce 1971 byl obor v důsledku zostřené politické situace navíc téměř zrušen. Od roku 1989 se egyptologie na Filozofické fakultě Univerzity Karlovy přednáší pravidelně a počet studentů značně vzrostl. Na výuce se rovněž podílí mnohem větší počet odborníků, a to včetně hostujících profesorů ze zahraničí.

3

„Ptačí kůstka dutá“ – role Zbyňka Žáby při archeologickém výzkumu Ptahšepsesovy mastaby

80%

Krejčí J.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2017

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issue 18

52-63

EN

Professor Zbyněk Žába laid, through his scholarly and organizational activities at the end of the 1950s and during the 1960s, the foundations for today’s success of the Czech Egyptology. In addition to extensive archaeological rescue operations in Lower Nubia, he intensely devoted his attention to the archaeological excavation of the mastaba of vizier Ptahshepses built in the central part of the Abusir necropolis (1960–1970). Despite the fact that Žába was a philologist, he tried to use up-to-date archaeological methods in his work. The unearthing of Ptahshepses’ tomb became Žába’s most important achievement in the field of Egyptian archaeology.

4

Československá egyptologie ve světě studené války – doba Zbyňka Žáby

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Jůnová Macková A., Navrátilová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2017

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issue 18

12-23

EN

Zbyněk Žába’s (1917–1971) anniversary reminds us of several decades of history of Czechoslovak Egyptology which was tied very closely to individual scholarly biographies and only relatively recently obtained an institutional history. Aspects of the life of Žába, who was sometimes viewed as a controversial figure, are set against the backdrop of coeval events. The contribution highlights some paradoxes inherent to a work of an international scholar tied to a country on the Soviet side of the Iron curtain, including his attempts to balance the requirements of a national institutional scholarship and the inherently international character of his discipline. The foundations for the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology were laid successfully in the complex period of the late 1950s.

5

Prostor pro naději – Výpravy Československého egyptologického ústavu do Núbie v 60. letech 20. století

70%

Jůnová Macková A., Navrátilová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2015

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issue 14

17-29

EN

The 1960s rescue campaign in Nubia offered a unique opportunity to the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology which had only just been established. Its new team took part in an extensive as well as intensive campaign, which included epigraphic surveys as well as excavations and anthropol ogical research concerning present-day Nubia. Expedition preparations and logistics were complicated by the partic ular conditions in the then Czechoslovakia. Behind- the-scenes pressures were high; despite politically motivated difficulties and a demanding programme, the series of Nubian expeditions was a success story, result - ing in respect ed specialist publications and a positive general public response on an international as well as national level.

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5 Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

2 Jůnová Macková A.

2 Navrátilová H.

1 Bareš L.

1 Krejčí J.

1 Onderka P.

1 Podhorný R.

1 2019

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Zbyněk Žába a Národní muzeum

Sto let výuky egyptologie v češtině

„Ptačí kůstka dutá“ – role Zbyňka Žáby při archeologickém výzkumu Ptahšepsesovy mastaby

Československá egyptologie ve světě studené války – doba Zbyňka Žáby

Prostor pro naději – Výpravy Československého egyptologického ústavu do Núbie v 60. letech 20. století