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Czarnogóra w procesie integracji z Unią Europejską. Szanse i wyzwania

100%
Koźbiał K.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
|
2015
|
issue 6(37)
209-229
EN
2006, after referendum, the Montenegrin Parliament declared the independence of Montenegro. One of the primary foreign policy objectives is integration into the European Union. 2007 Montenegro signed a Stabilisation und Association Agreement. On 17th December 2010 the EU granted Montenegro the official status of candidate country. The accession negotiations with Podgorica started on 29th June 2012. In December 2012 first chapter in negotiations was opened and provisionally closed. The EU provides financial assistance to Montenegro under the IPA (Instrument for Pre‑accession Assistance). Now has this country top position among the states striving for the EU membership. One of the phenomena of Montenegro’s political life is the fact that the power has been in the hands of the political party: Democratic Party of Socialists, and personally Milo Ðukanović. The biggest internal problems are: ethnic (only 45% Montenegrins), linguistic (almost 43% speaks Serbian, only 37% Montenegrin) and religious structure (Montenegrin Orthodox Church has not been recognized). The important problems in negotiations: corruption and organized crime in Montenegro and, probably, unilateral euro adoption in 2002.
2
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10 lat negocjacji akcesyjnych Turcji z Unią Europejską. Analiza postępów w obszarze kryteriów politycznych na podstawie raportów Komisji Europejskiej

87%
Osiewicz P.
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
|
2015
|
issue 9
199-213
EN
October 2015 marked the tenth anniversary of the official onset of the accession negotiations between Turkey and the European Union. The outcome of the talks, however, has so far been more than modest. The negotiations have encompassed fourteen out of 35 fields, leading to the closure, albeit only preliminary, of only one field. Croatia started negotiations in the same year and has been EU member state for two years now. In the Turkish case, the end of the talks is nowhere to be seen, and the more time goes by the less likely it seems for Turkey to become a legitimate participant of a European integration process. The EU Commission continues to present a number of reservations as concerns the progress of Turkey on its path to accession. The aim of this paper is to attempt to find an answer to the question whether the catalogue of reservations brought up by the EU Commission in terms of the political criteria to be met by Turkey has changed after the nine years of negotiations. By this token it will become possible to determine the progress Turkey has made as concerns those political criteria, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
3
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Szanse i perspektywy akcesji Turcji do Unii Europejskiej

75%
Partacz C.
Studia Orientalne
|
2014
|
issue 2(6)
83-93
RU
Задача данной статьи – анализ взаимоотношений Турции и Европейского союза, прежде всего ценностей и рисков, которые она может внести в жизнь старого континента. Статья показывает историю европейской интеграции Турции, а также задачи, которые стоят перед этой страной перед вступлением в ЕС. Указаны также аргументы за и против членства этого государства в Европейском союзе с точки зрения как стран-членов ЕС, так и Турции.
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyze the relations of the Turkish and the European Union, first of all the values and threats that it may bring into force the Old Continent. The article presents the history of European integration of Turkey and the challenges faced by this country before accession. The arguments for and against the country’s membership in the European Union from the point of view of both the Member States and Turkey are featured.
4
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Europeizacja okołoakcesyjna Finlandii

51%
Kaczmarek K.
Acta Politica Polonica
|
2020
|
vol. 50
|
issue 2
45-54
EN
The aim of the article is to show the mechanisms that led Finland to integration with the European Union. Despite finding themselves in the Soviet sphere of influence after World War II, the Finns managed to build a welfare state and fully integrated with Western Europe. Due to its geopolitical location, the Europeanization of Finland had a special course.
PL
Celem artykułu było ukazanie mechanizmów, które doprowadziły do integracji Finlandii z Unią Europejską. Finom, którzy po II wojnie światowej znaleźli się w radzieckiej strefie wpływów, udało się zbudować państwo dobrobytu i w pełni zintegrować się z Europą Zachodnią. Ze względu na położenie geopolityczne europeizacja Finlandii miała i ma szczególny przebieg.
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