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WIĘZIOTWÓRCZE FUNKCJE PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW SPOŁECZNYCH

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EN
The paper gives the characteristics of social entrepreneurship of the “old” social economy (born on the turn of XIX and XX centuries), and of the “new” social economy (developing on the turn of XX and XXI centuries) as well as social enterprises of different kinds. The main important, taking into account its function in building social capital and strengthening social bonds, is a distinction between social enterprises (SE) focused on reintegration of individuals excluded from the labor market because of their personal deficits, called WISE (work integration social enterprises) and social enterprises used as vehicles for economic development of marginalized communities (social enterprises locally embedded - SELE). The general tendency brings for WISE to involve vertical ties in reintegration programs, and SELE to built networks of stakeholders based on horizontal ties. The author argues that in current Poland the chance for surviving and development have social enterprises of a hybrid type, which combine two kind of social mission: reintegration of individuals excluded from the labor market and empowering marginalized local communities.
EN
The article includes a description of the experiences of researchers who undertook as part of the project to create a universal model to counteract the inheritance of poverty among residents of the degraded area of the city. Sociologists faced the challenge of overcoming numerous barriers as part of the work on the model (lying on the side of members of the target group, representatives of local institutions, or resulting from formal decisions and decisions within the grant competition and the project itself). The article presents both theoretical inspirations that were reflected in the model's construction (primarily the original approach to social exclusion and the essence of the empowerment model), conclusions from the diagnosis carried out in the environment in which the model is to be implemented, description of the model's main assumptions, and also the barriers encountered by work on the model and potential implementation barriers.
PL
Artykuł zawiera opis doświadczeń badaczy, którzy podjęli się w ramach projektu stworzenia uniwersalnego modelu przeciwdziałania dziedziczenia ubóstwa wśród mieszkańców zdegradowanej części miasta. Socjologowie stanęli przed wyzwaniem pokonania wielu barier w ramach prac nad modelem (leżących po stronie członków grupy docelowej, przedstawicieli lokalnych instytucji lub wynikających z formalnych decyzji i założeń konkursu grantowego i samego projektu). W artykule przedstawiono zarówno teoretyczne inspiracje, które znalazły odzwierciedlenie w konstrukcji modelu (przede wszystkim oryginalne podejście do wykluczenia społecznego i istota modelu empowermentu), wnioski z diagnozy przeprowadzonej w środowisku, w którym model ma zostać wdrożony, opisano główne założenia modelu, a także bariery napotykane podczas pracy nad modelem i potencjalne bariery implementacyjne.
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