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EN
The theater physician was a crucial figure in the transformation of the theater as an institution between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries: he looked after the artists, guaranteed the internal order of the institution, and contributed to the shaping of the social perception and evaluation of the acting profession. He helped organize the theater as a controlled and norm-governed space, in which neither audience reactions nor the artist’s ways of being could disturb the general order. The article is a historical study of the development of the theater physician’s professional position and duties in the nineteenth century, drawing on diaries, press articles, and iconographic material (including caricatures). Starting from the analysis of source texts, such as the writings of theater physicians (Kazimierz Łukaszewicz, Gustave-Joseph Witkowski), the author adopts two parallel strategies: 1) she reconstructs the biographical and factographic background of the presence of an official doctor in Polish theatre, 2) she problematizes the relationships between the theater as an institution and forms of organized medical care, between actors’ illnesses and the images of theater as a hazardous and pathological place, between the pathography of actors’ illnesses and the idea of a public order and system of values, and between the internal and external perception of the acting profession.
EN
The theater physician was a crucial figure in the transformation of the theater as an institution between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries: he looked after the artists, guaranteed the internal order of the institution, and contributed to the shaping of the social perception and evaluation of the acting profession. He helped organize the theater as a controlled and norm-governed space, in which neither audience reactions nor the artist’s ways of being could disturb the general order. The article is a historical study of the development of the theater physician’s professional position and duties in the nineteenth century, drawing on diaries, press articles, and iconographic material (including caricatures). Starting from the analysis of source texts, such as the writings of theater physicians (Kazimierz Łukaszewicz, Gustave-Joseph Witkowski), the author adopts two parallel strategies: 1) she reconstructs the biographical and factographic background of the presence of an official doctor in Polish theatre, 2) she problematizes the relationships between the theater as an institution and forms of organized medical care, between actors’ illnesses and the images of theater as a hazardous and pathological place, between the pathography of actors’ illnesses and the idea of a public order and system of values, and between the internal and external perception of the acting profession.
PL
Lekarz teatralny to jedna z kluczowych figur procesu przemian teatru jako instytucji między końcem XVIII a początkiem XX wieku: otaczał opieką artystów, gwarantował wewnętrzny ład instytucji i współkształtował społeczną percepcję i ocenę zawodu aktorskiego. Przyczyniał się do organizacji teatru jako przestrzeni kontrolowanej i unormowanej, w której ani reakcje widzów, ani obyczaje artystów nie burzyły ogólnego porządku. Artykuł stanowi historyczne studium kształtowania się posady i obowiązków lekarza teatralnego w XIX wieku na podstawie pamiętników, prasy, materiałów ikonograficznych (w tym karykatur). Wychodząc od analizy źródłowych tekstów, takich jak pisma samych lekarzy teatralnych (Kazimierz Łukaszewicz, Gustave-Joseph Witkowski), autorka przyjmuje dwie równoległe strategie: 1) rekonstruuje biograficzno-faktograficzne tło obecności urzędowego doktora w polskim teatrze, 2) problematyzuje relacje między instytucją teatru a formami zorganizowanej opieki medycznej, chorobami aktorów a wyobrażeniami teatru jako miejsca niebezpiecznego i patologicznego, patografią aktorskich chorób a ideą publicznego ładu i systemu wartości, wewnętrzną a zewnętrzną percepcją profesji scenicznej.
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