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Two faces of “Tailor-made laws” in administrative law

100%
Handrlica J.
The Lawyer Quarterly
|
2020
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vol. 10
|
issue 1
34-47
EN
A rather clear distinction between the functions of the legislative and executive power has been traditionally provided by the theory of public law. Under this scheme, the main task of the legislative power was to issue binding norms (statutory laws), while the main task of the executive power was to apply these binding norms in individual cases by issuing administrative acts. However, also under this scheme, executive power was provided with competence to issue certain binding norms (decrees). While this norm-making competence of the executive power has been frequently subject of academic interest, the opposite form of extension (i.e. deciding about individual cases by an act of Parliament) has been only occasionally addressed in the past. This article aims to deal with these “tailor-made laws”, to classify them into categories and to evaluate feasibility of this model of decision-making.
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Rola środków zapobiegawczych w kanonicznym prawie karnym. Czy możliwy jest od nich rekurs?

67%
Kiełpiński K.
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
|
2022
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vol. 74
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issue 2
267-291
EN
The purpose of the canonical administrative and criminal procedure is to ensure a fair trial (suspect - accused) of cases concerning delicta contra mores offenses. Therefore, in the course of the preliminary investigation, an ordinary imposes preventive measures, which are supposed to achieve a specific purpose. They are not punishments, but administrative acts which serve many entities. The doctrine in this matter has undergone a specific evolution. The regulations contained in the Code of 1917 forbade appealing against a decree which contained such measures. The current legal regulations allow the submission of a recourse in this area. It should be based on the rules concerning hierarchical recourses. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith is the competent superior in this area, because it makes final decisions in relation to all the issues connected with delicta graviora offenses. Unfortunately, they are very rare, because lawyers or solicitors are not allowed to suggest this type of solution to suspects at the preliminary investigation level.
PL
Kanoniczna procedura administracyjno-karna ma zapewnić sprawiedliwy proces (podejrzany – oskarżony) o przestępstwa delicta contra mores. Dlatego w postępowaniu przygotowawczym ordynariusz nakłada środki zapobiegawcze, które mają służyć osiągnięciu określonego celu. Nie są one karami, lecz aktami administracyjnymi, które służą wielu podmiotom. Doktryna w tej materii dokonała swoistej ewolucji. Regulacje zawarte w kodeksie z 1917 r. zabraniały odwoływania się do dekretu, który zawierał takie środki. Obecne regulacje prawne pozwalają na złożenie regresu w tym zakresie. Powinien on być oparty na przepisach dotyczących rekursów hierarchicznych. Kompetentnym przełożonym w tej dziedzinie jest Kongregacja Nauki Wiary, gdyż to ona definitywnie rozstrzyga wszystkie kwestie związane z wykroczeniami delicta graviora. Niestety, są one podejmowane bardzo rzadko, ponieważ często na poziomie postępowania przygotowawczego adwokat lub radca prawny nie ma prawa sugerować podejrzanemu tego typu rozwiązań.
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