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Kontrola Państwowa
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2014
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vol. 59
|
issue 2(355)
173-192
EN
The Litzmannstadt Ghetto was established on 8th February 1940, and it was the first ghetto on the Polish land included in the Third Reich. It was located in the poor and squalid northern part of the city of ód. Altogether, over 200,000 people went through this ghetto. The ghetto had a huge administrative apparatus that in 1942 was composed of 33 agencies which employed almost 14,000 persons. In order to provide for an efficient control of this comprehensive apparatus, an external audit body was established, which was called the Supreme Audit Office. In his article, the author discusses the organisation and functioning of the ghetto NIK.
EN
The model transformations of Polish public administration after 1989 were the result of the necessary and inevitable consequence of events related to erosion and the collapse of the „real socialism” system. Its internal decomposition, as a result of social reality inadequacy, created a situation in which it was possible to undertake deep systemic reforms in Poland. Democratization of the government system in Poland was an extremely complex process generating numerous problems and showing the scale of adversity in all spheres of social life. All political and structural changes in Poland after 1989 were also possible due to propitious external, international conditions. Especially the collapse of the USSR brought certain possibilities for Poland and other countries in Central and Eastern Europe to regain full sovereignty, which was later expressed in membership in NATO, the Council of Europe, and then European Union accession. As a result of the systemic and political transformation process, the administration has become an extremely important cell in the democratic legal order and the entity responsible for the implementation of a significant part of public tasks at the local, supra-local and regional levels.
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