Search results

1

Procrastination as a Form of Misregulation in the Context of Affect and Self-Regulation

100%

Pietrzak A., Tokarz A.

Studia Humana

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2016

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vol. 5

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issue 3

70-82

EN

This article aims in situating procrastination, as a specific form of affect regulation failure in context of general affect and self-regulation literature. This will be brought starting with definition of the phenomenon and its’ various forms and perspectives. Next, giving an insight into affect regulation literature. In the third step we will focus on elaborating the picture of procrastination and its’ underlying mechanisms in order to locate it in a broader domain of affect regulation as a specific form of self-regulatory lapse. A commentary regarding dealing with procrastination and effective affect regulation will be provided.

2

Families of Children with Chronic Illness and the Relational Family Model

88%

Pate T.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 2

EN

Families of children with chronic illness experience persistent stress. Facing the diagnosis and learning how to cope with it is a stressful experience not only for the child but also for the parents and for the whole family. The illness, with its unpredictability and treatment, disturbs their daily routine and threatens the whole family system. Parental involvement in the child’s disease management and their emotional support are crucial for effective coping and adaptation to the child’s chronic illness. The aim of this article is to present the importance of the parental role in these families through theoretical findings of the relational family model.

3

Vulnerability in Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Light of Relational Trauma

88%

Simonič B., Gostečnik C., Repič Slavič, T., Poljak Lukek S., Cvetek R., Pate T., Valenta T.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

|

2020

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vol. 11

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issue 2

5-25

EN

Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed different ways individuals react to frustrations they have experienced. Many times we have witnessed an increased level of aggression in interpersonal relationships and in the general social context. We find that there are some differences in coping and responding according to gender, with men showing a higher level of vulnerability and risk of inappropriate regulation and expression of anger when frustrated. To a certain extent, the answer to why this happens is provided by neuroscientific research, which shows that already at an early age, boys’ brains develop differently from girls’, as it takes more time to develop their stress-regulating mechanism; consequently, due to slower development, boys are more vulnerable to early stressful situations and have more problems with self-regulation of affective states at this early age. Together with the possibility of relational trauma in the family, to which many children are exposed from the earliest period of their lives and which plays an important role in providing a context for the development of affect regulation, that means that boys and men are even more vulnerable and sensitive to stress, aggression and trauma later in life. It makes sense to take these neuroscience findings into account when building an understanding of responses to stressful challenges, such as coping with a pandemic, as well as when planning appropriate models to help individuals cope with different types of stress.

4

Alcoholism as a way of dealing with emotions and transformation in relational family therapy

88%

Simonič B., Cvetek R.

Family Forum

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2022

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vol. 12

121-138

EN

Alcoholism, which is a major public health and social problem, can be viewed from several perspectives, as its occurrence is a multifaceted phenomenon in terms of its development (causes), effects, and maintenance. The Relational Family Therapy paradigm looks at alcoholism and its dynamics in relation to dysfunctional affect regulation. Dysfunctional affect regulation and the general inability to manage emotions are often mentioned in relation to the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction. The mechanism of affect regulation generally refers to internal processes that allow an individual to maintain their emotions to a degree that feels still bearable for them. According to these assumptions, alcoholics drink in order to cope with difficult emotions, either because they have more negative emotional states than others do, or because they lack the internal resources to cope with these negative emotions. For them, consuming alcohol is a series of repeated attempts to regulate heavy emotions, which often stem from painful past experiences. The process of Relational Family Therapy, therefore, as treatment of addiction, focuses on identifying and transforming the dysfunctional regulation of affect, which is behind addictive behavior. By means of action research methodology, this paper presents the approach of Relational Family Therapy in working with an alcoholic client, with an emphasis on the aspects of affect regulation. We show how the client’s alcohol use appeared as a dynamic of inappropriate regulation of a painful core affect. In the process of Relational Family Therapy, a more functional regulation of the core affect was established, thereby reducing symptomatic behavior (alcoholism) in the client.

5

Traumatic bonding in intimate partner violence: A Relational Family Therapy approach

75%

Simonič B., Osewska E.

Family Forum

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2019

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vol. 9

71-90

EN

Intimate partner violence is defined as a form of violence where, in an intimate relationship, physical or psychological acts of violence are committed by a partner or spouse against the other partner or spouse. All of these actions are accompanied by extremely emotional dynamics, which is paradoxical, as we would expect that with the gravity of abusive and violent acts the victims will understand the need for self-protection and appropriate measures. There is a strong emotional bond between the victim and the abuser, which authors call traumatic bonding. It is an emotional dependence between two people in a relationship that is characterized by the feelings of intense attachment, cognitive distortion and behavioural strategies of both individuals that paradoxically strengthen and maintain the bond, which is reflected in a vicious cycle of violence. The termination of such a relationship or the departure from it, from the point of view of attachment which is activated in this situation, seems risky, since the victim seeks refuge in the state of perceived danger, but experiences that - after the outbreak of violence calms down - the refuge is paradoxically offered by the bully. Here we can recognize a pattern of dysfunctional affect regulation that falsely calms difficult (basic) affects and maintains a violent relationship. From the viewpoint of Relational Family Therapy, it is therefore necessary for victims that after breaking off a violent relationship or leaving it they face their painful basic affects and develop proper regulation of these, otherwise they will remain committed to this kind of relationship. Using the case study method, the paper describes the case of a client after she left a violent intimate relationship, with an emphasis on the demonstration of traumatic bonding dynamics and the resolution of their consequences in Relational Family Therapy. [1] The authors acknowledges partial financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (project No. J5-9349).

6

Adaptive and Maladaptive Pathways of Self-Development: Mental Health and Interactions Among Personality Systems

45%

Kuhl J.

Psychologia Rozwojowa

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2011

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vol. 16

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issue 4

9-31

PL

Prekursorzy rozwojowej koncepcji „w pełni funkcjonującej osoby” (Rogers) nie przykładali zbyt wiele systematycznej uwagi ani do psychologicznych badań, ani do teorii osobowości i jej rozwoju. Podobnie warunki rozwojowe dla nieadaptacyjnego funkcjonowania osobowości i kształtowania symptomów psychologicznych nie były pierwotnym celem badań w psychologii klinicznej w ostatnich dekadach. Na podstawie teorii osobowości, która precyzuje funkcjonalną konstrukcję osobowości (tzn. teorii interakcji systemów osobowości: teorii PSI), zostały opisane drogi rozwoju, które sprzyjają skutecznemu bądź wadliwemu rozwojowi zintegrowanego selfu, co odgrywa główną rolę w teorii PSI. Adaptacyjne, rozwojowe ścieżki zostały opisane w kategoriach warunków rozwojowych, sprzyjających zdolności do inicjowania nieatrakcyjnych instrumentalnych aktywności (kontrola działania) i integracji przykrych doświadczeń w stale wzrastającą podstawę wiedzy osobistej (rozwój selfu). Nieadaptacyjne ścieżki zostały przedstawione poprzez opis warunków rozwojowych dwóch głównych form zaburzeń psychicznych: symptomów związanych z osłabieniem kontroli działania (tzn. zwlekania [z działaniem], zaburzeń łaknienia, depresji), a także symptomów związanych z osłabieniem samorozwoju (tzn. sztywności, niepowodzeń w uczeniu się na własnych błędach, objawów psychosomatycznych). Każda teoria osobowości powinna umożliwiać wyjaśnienie adaptacyjnych i nieadaptacyjnych form rozwoju osobowości. Ta kwestia nie należy jednak do podstawowych celów przedsięwzięć badawczych podejmowanych w dziedzinie osobowości, rozwoju czy psychologii klinicznej. Natomiast konkurencyjne hipotezy są wyprowadzane z globalnych konstruktów takich jak własna skuteczność, myślenie irracjonalne, obniżona samoocena itp. Typowe pytania wyłaniające się z tego podejścia, dotyczącego tych globalnych konstruktów, to np.: Czy mężczyzna, który ma problemy w inicjowaniu prostych czynności w domu (pomimo swej sprawności działania w pracy), cierpi z powodu osłabionej własnej skuteczności, obniżonej samooceny, czy po prostu ma szowinistyczną postawę wobec swej żony? Globalne konstrukty są także oferowane przez dwie główne szkoły myślenia w psychologii, np.: Czy z psychoanalitycznego punktu widzenia kobiece przejadanie się może być spowodowane przez „oralną regresję”, która dyktuje jej zachowanie, aby jeść tak impulsywnie, jak oralne potrzeby kierują dziecięcymi emocjami podczas oralnego stadium rozwoju? W przeciwieństwie do tego behawiorystyczna teoria uczenia się mogłaby odnosić te i inne symptomy, jak zaburzenia snu, osłabienie funkcji immunologicznej, zależny od stresu ból, taki jak ból głowy, bóle pleców, do nabycia myślenia irracjonalnego lub nieadaptacyjnych zachowań, które mogą być leczone przez nagradzające, bardziej adekwatne zachowania.

EN

The developmental precursors of the “fully functioning person” (Rogers) have not received much systematic attention neither in psychological research nor in theories of personality and its development. Likewise, the developmental conditions for maladaptive personality functioning and the formation of psychological symptoms have not been the primary target of research in clinical psychology during the past decades (Castonguay, 2011). On the basis of a theory of personality that specifies a functional architecture of personality (i.e., personality systems interactions theory: PSI theory) developmental pathways are described that promote successful or impaired development of the integrated self which plays a pivotal role in PSI theory. Adaptive developmental pathways are described in terms of the developmental conditions promoting the ability to initiate unattractive instrumental activities (action control) and the integration of self-alien and painful experiences into an ever growing personal knowledge base (self-development). Maladaptive pathways are proposed to describe the developmental conditions for two major forms of psychological disorders: symptoms related to impaired action control (e.g., procrastination, eating disorders, depression) and symptoms related to impaired self-growth (e.g., rigidity, failure to learn from mistakes, psychosomatic symptoms). Any theory of personality should be able to explain adaptive and maladaptive forms of personality development. However, this issue does not belong to the prime targets of research efforts made in personality, developmental, or clinical psychology. Instead, competing hypotheses are derived from global constructs such as self-efficacy, irrational thinking, poor self-esteem and the like. Typical questions arising from this globalconstruct approach are: Does a man who has problems initiating simple activities at home (despite his efficient performance at his work) suffer from impaired self-efficacy, poor selfesteem, or does he simply have chauvinistic attitudes against his wife? Global constructs are also offered by the two major schools of thinking in psychology: From a psychoanalytic point of view, a woman’s overeating may be caused by an “oral regression” which dictates her behavior to eat as impulsively as oral needs drive baby’s feelings during the oral stage of development? In contrast, behavioristic learning theory would attribute those and other symptoms such as disturbed sleep, impaired immune function and stress-dependent pain like headache or backpain to the acquisition of irrational thinking or maladaptive behaviors that can be remedied by rewarding more appropriate behaviors.

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2 Family Forum

2 The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

1 Psychologia Rozwojowa

1 Studia Humana

3 Simonič B.

2 Cvetek R.

2 Pate T.

1 Gostečnik C.

1 Kuhl J.

1 Osewska E.

1 Pietrzak A.

1 Poljak Lukek S.

1 Repič Slavič, T.

1 Tokarz A.

1 Valenta T.

1 2022

1 2020

1 2019