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EN
The next (30) part of Cooperative Thought Library reminds of excerpts of the Bronisław Załuski’s book entitled: Earning and economic associations in Grand Duchy of Posen and West Prussia, with particular emphasis on “Peasants”, Warsaw 1921. Before World War I, more than 200 Polish folk banks, 17 folk banks in Silesia, 22 parcels’ associations, 60 "Peasants" and 10 companies of different types were functioning. All of these consociated almost 160 thousand members, having more than 306 million marks assembled deposits, having less than 30 million marks of the share capital.
EN
The beginning of Credit Union of Agricultural Cooperatives is linked to Malopolska Region, where agricultural cooperative movement initialized by Stefan Stefczyk in 1899 was captured into concise legal frames called „The Bureau of Patronage over Companies of Savings and Loans at the State Department in Lwow”. That credit institution became seed of Credit Union of Agricultural Cooperatives in Lwow established in 1909. State Credit Union was an outpost of particularly self-governing, state character contributing towards the development of agricultural cooperatives. Soon after regaining independence by Poland after World War I, The Bureau of Patronage over Agricultural Companies in Lwow was reorganized into Credit Union of Agricultural Cooperatives in Warsaw with extended area of operation onto the entire territory of the Republic of Poland. During the Nazi occupation Credit Union of Agricultural Cooperatives still remained the financial centre for agricultural cooperatives. Unfortunately, after liberation from the German occupation Credit Union of Agricultural Cooperatives was forced to cease its activity.
PL
W kolejnej (49) części Biblioteki Myśli Spółdzielczej przypominamy o dokonaniach jednego z najwybitniejszych społeczników okresu zaborów i Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej, tj. o księdzu prałacie Wacławie Blizińskim – założycielu instytucji spółdzielczych, kulturalnych i oświatowych, działaczu społecznym i polityku ludowym, spółdzielcy, wieloletnim proboszczu w Liskowie koło Kalisza, pośle (1919–1922) i senatorze (1938–1939), niezłomnym propagatorze Ewangelii oraz encykliki Leona XIII Rerum novarum. Przypominamy tekst na podstawie: Wacław Bliziński, Działalność spółdzielni i organizacyj rolniczych w Liskowie. Referat wygłoszony na zjeździe spółdzielni w Wilnie w dniu 18 grudnia 1927 roku, Związek Rewizyjny Polskich Spółdzielni Rolniczych w Warszawie, Warszawa 1928 (odbitka z „Czasopisma Spółdzielni Rolniczych” z 1928 r.).
EN
In the next (49th) part of the Cooperative Thought Library we remind of the achievements of one of the greatest social activists of the partitions and the Second Polish Republic, i.e. prelate Wacław Bliziński – founder of cooperative, cultural and educational institutions, social activist and folk politician, cooperator, longtime parish priest in Lisków near Kalisz, member of parliament (1919–1922) and senator (1938–1939), an unwavering propagator of the Gospel and the encyclical of Leo XIII Rerum Novarum. We remind of the text based on: Wacław Bliziński, Activity of cooperatives and agricultural organizations in Liskow. Lecture delivered at the congress of the cooperatives in Vilnius on December 18, 1927, The Audit Association of Polish Agricultural Cooperatives in Warsaw, Warsaw 1928 (print from the "Agricultural Cooperatives’ Journal" of 1928).
IT
L’articolo si propone di rispondere alla domanda se e fino a che punto la regolazione giuridica delle cooperative agricole, della loro organizzazione e del funzionamento riesca a far fronte alle sfide poste in Polonia all’agricoltura moderna. Nella parte conclusiva, l’Autrice ha affermato tra l’altro che, dopo l’adesione della Polonia all’Unione Europea, l’attività delle cooperative agricole si concentra non solo sull’attività di produzione, ma è orientata anche a sostenere l’operato dei cooperatori-produttori agricoli. Di conseguenza, l’attività intrapresa favorisce lo sviluppo dell’agricoltura stessa, iscrivendosi allo stesso tempo nel quadro delle politiche dell’UE. Il legislatore, inteso a disciplinare le cooperative agricole, la loro organizzazione e il funzionamento, si impegna a rispondere alle sfide poste all’agricoltura moderna, benché, ed è fuori dubbio, siano necessarie ulteriori modifiche legislative.
EN
The aim of the article is to answer the question whether and to what extent the legal regulation of agricultural cooperatives, their organisation and functioning respond to the challenges of modern agriculture in Poland. It has been shown that following Poland’s accession to the European Union, the activity of Polish agricultural cooperatives has been focused not only on production but also on supporting the activity of co-op-producers of agricultural produce. As a result Polish agriculture has being developing well and, at the same time, in line with EU policies. By regulating agricultural cooperatives, their organisation and functioning, the legislator seeks to respond to the challenges of modern agriculture, although there is no doubt that further legislative changes are necessary.
EN
The aim of the article is to evaluate the national legal instruments (determinants) affecting the establishment and operation of agricultural cooperatives. This problem is wide, therefore, deliberations focus primarily on French and Italian legislation. It presents a brief evolution of regulations on agricultural cooperatives in these countries, with special focus on Rural Code (French Rural Code) and the Italian Civil Code. Emphasis is put on a broad definition of agricultural cooperatives occurring in France and legal simplification concerning the activities of these entities in Italy. Further discussion focuses on the Polish legislation. Particular attention has been given to the development of cooperative agricultural producer groups which was partly a result of significant changes in law. In conclusion, the author states that the legislatures of the old EU Member States have introduced over the years a number of legal instruments affecting the establishment and operation of agricultural cooperatives. While the Polish legislator is trying to facilitate the creation and operation of cooperatives, gradually introducing changes to different legal acts. Such a legislative way is only temporary and does not solve the problems in a comprehensive manner. Therefore, the author favorably evaluates the preparation of a draft act on cooperatives of farmers.
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba oceny prawnych krajowych instrumentów (determinantów) wpływających na zakładanie i funkcjonowanie spółdzielni rolniczych. Problematyka ta jest szeroka, dlatego rozważania koncentrują się w pierwszej kolejności na ustawodawstwie francuskim i włoskim. Przedstawiono krótko ewolucję regulacji prawnych dotyczących spółdzielni rolniczych we wspomnianych krajach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Code rural (francuski Kodeks rolny) oraz włoskiego Kodeksu cywilnego. Zaakcentowana została szeroka definicja spółdzielni rolniczych występująca we Francji oraz uproszczenia regulacji prawnych dotyczących działalności tych podmiotów we Włoszech. W dalszej kolejności rozważania koncentrują się na ustawodawstwie polskim. Wskazano na rozwój spółdzielczych grup producentów rolnych, do czego przyczyniły się w znaczącym stopniu zmiany regulacji prawnych. W konkluzji autorka stwierdziła, że ustawodawcy w starych państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej na przestrzeni lat wprowadzili liczne instrumenty prawne wpływające na uproszczenia w zakresie zakładania i funkcjonowania spółdzielni rolniczych. Natomiast prawodawca polski wprowadza stopniowo zmiany do różnych ustaw. Taka droga legislacyjna jest tylko czasowa i nie rozwiązuje problemów w sposób kompleksowy. Z tego powodu autorka korzystnie oceniła przygotowanie projektu ustawy o spółdzielniach rolników.
PL
W kolejnej (47) części Biblioteki Myśli Spółdzielczej przypominamy fragmenty książki wybitnego działacza społecznego i politycznego, teoretyka i organizatora spółdzielczego okresu zaborów i II RP – Zygmunta Chmielewskiego pt. „Czynniki psychiczne spółdzielczości”, Warszawa 1935, która ukazała się w serii Biblioteki Spółdzielczej im. Dra Franciszka Stefczyka nakładem Spółdzielczego Instytutu Naukowego.
EN
In the next (47th) part of the Cooperative Thought Library, we are reminded of fragments of the book of an outstanding social and political activist, theoretician and organizer of the cooperative movement in the period of the Partitions and the Second Republic of Poland – Zygmunt Chmielewski entitled "Psychological factors of the cooperative movement", Warsaw 1935, which appeared in the series of the Franc Stefczyk’s Cooperative Library, by the Cooperative Scientific Institute.
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