Search results - CEJSH

1

Opinia prawna w sprawie zmian w zasadach opodatkowania dochodów osób fizycznych ze sprzedaży przetworzonych w inny sposób niż przemysłowy produktów roślinnych i zwierzęcych pochodzących z własnej uprawy, hodowli lub chowu, wprowadzonych ustawą z 9 kwietnia 2015 r. o zmianie ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych oraz niektórych innych ustaw

100%

Kulicki J.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2016

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issue 1(49)

209-226

EN

From 1 January 2016, revenues of the taxpayer from sale of plant and animal products originating from one’s own crops, farming or breeding, converted (processed) by a non-industrial manner are classified as revenues other sources. In the author’s opinion, the changes achieve only partly the objectives specified in the reasons for the Senate bill amending the Natural Persons’ Income Tax Act and amending the Act on Freedom of Economic Activity. A positive assessment is made of the changes in the Act on Freedom of Economic Activity and the Act on Local Taxes and Fees. The changes in the rules for taxation of income from sale of plant and animal products, processed in a non-industrial manner and originating from one’s own crops or farming, are, according to the author, neutral from the point of view of the criterion of income tax burden.

2

Kwestie dotyczące rolnictwa w negocjacjach Transatlantyckiego Partnerstwa w dziedzinie Handlu i Inwestycji

100%

Hajdukiewicz A.

International Business and Global Economy

|

2014

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vol. Volume 33

285–296

EN

Agricultural issues are among the most difficult topics in the negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership between the European Union and the United States. The purpose of the article was to identify the scale and scope of differences of opinions on the major issues of the negotiations related to agriculture and to try to assess the possibility of reaching a compromise that takes into account both the existing constraints and potential benefits. Research results, based on the study of literature and analysis of source documents, revealed significant differences in approaches especially in matters of food safety and protection of geographical indications. A compromise is therefore very difficult to obtain, despite the considerable potential benefits resulting from the increase in bilateral trade. It seems that it would be relatively easy to determine the issues of tariff reductions on agricultural and food products, whereas a compromise with regard to non-tariff measures, in particular certain sanitary and phytosanitary barriers, would be the most difficult to reach.

3

Regulation on the use of seeds (ECPRD Request No. 4635)

100%

Stankiewicz D.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2021

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issue 4(72)

189-193

EN

The farmers are allowed, under certain conditions, to use seeds from harvest for sowing. Only the breeder who holds an exclusive right to a plant variety can reproduce it and offer for sale. The breeder can make an agreement with a seed company and sign a license contract. Commercial preparation for sowing or planting a variety protected by an exclusive right also requires breeder’s consent.

4

Uwarunkowania rozwoju rolnictwa w obwodzie kaliningradzkim

85%

Michalski T.

Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna

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2011

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issue 14

137-150

EN

The paper attempts to analyze determinants of agriculture in the Kaliningrad Oblast after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Natural and non-natural determinants were analyzed on a macro and a mezo scale. It was found out that the overall impact on the weak level of development of agriculture is exerted by the all-Russian determinants (economic collapse in Russia which took place after the disintegration of the former USSR; continuing by authorities in Moscow of the “raw material”; direction of the development of the country; ineptly conducted decollectivization). On the other hand, the mezoscale determinants (converting the Kaliningrad Oblast into an enclave as a result of the collapse of the former Soviet Union; giving too great weight to the exogenous determinants of the development of the oblast at the cost of the endogenous ones by central and district authorities; assigning superior role to the special economic zone in the development of the oblast) additionally influence negatively, worsening the already bad condition of agriculture in the oblast.

PL

W opracowaniu podjęto próbę analizy uwarunkowań rolnictwa w obwodzie kaliningradzkim po rozpadzie Związku Radzieckiego. Poddano analizie uwarunkowania przyrodnicze oraz pozaprzyrodnicze w dwóch skalach przestrzennych: makro i mezo. Stwierdzono, że ogólny wpływ na słaby poziom rozwoju rolnictwa mają uwarunkowania ogólnorosyjskie (zapaść gospodarcza w Rosji, jaka miała miejsce po rozpadzie byłego ZSRR; kontynuowanie przez władze w Moskwie „surowcowej” orientacji rozwoju kraju; nieudolnie przeprowadzana dekolektywizacja). Natomiast uwarunkowania mezoskalowe (przekształcenie obwodu kaliningradzkiego w eksklawę w następstwie rozpadu byłego Związku Radzieckiego; nadanie przez władze centralne i obwodowe zbyt dużej wagi egzogennym uwarunkowaniom rozwoju obwodu kosztem endogennych; przypisanie nadrzędnej roli specjalnej strefie ekonomicznej w rozwoju obwodu) dodatkowo oddziałują negatywnie, pogarszając i tak niekorzystną sytuację rolnictwa w obwodzie. W efekcie poziom rozwoju rolnictwa w obwodzie jest dużo niższy niż na sąsiednich terenach Litwy oraz województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego.

5

Rolnictwo jako dział gospodarki polskiej w okresie transformacji

80%

Dudek A.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

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2012

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issue 2(24)

33-44

EN

In macroeconomic terms, agriculture is considered as one of the sectors of national economy – system of many elements which are in a specific connection. In the con-temporary free market economy, entities operating in agriculture occur on the agricultural market in a role of sellers or/and buyers. The agricultural market is being transformed along with the socio-economic development. In Poland, since the beginning of transformation, the role of agriculture in the economy has been changing, thus the conditions of the actors on the agricultural market have been changing, too. The aim of this article is to analyse the observed changes in Polish agriculture after 1990, including changes of employment in the agricultural sector, changes in the share of agriculture in the creation of Polish GDP, changes of the educational level of leaders of farmers’ households and the average real disposable income of the households, as well as changes in the agrarian structure, etc.

6

Koncepcja zrównoważonej intensyfikacji rolnictwa w państwach Unii Europejskiej

80%

Staniszewski J.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2017

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issue 2(363)

233-245

EN

The article presents the European context of the concept of a sustainable intensification of agriculture. The main premise of the idea is to increase agricultural yields with a concurrent limitation of adverse environmental impact by using modern technologies. This concept seems to be especially relevant in light of the challenges currently faced by the European Union and its aims defined in the Europe 2020 strategy. Although the agricultural sector in the EU countries operates within the framework of a single European model of agriculture, there are significant differences in methods and yields among individual countries. The dividing line between the “old” member states and those who joined the EU in 2004 is clearly visible and the differences determine particular countries’ varied approaches to the concept of sustainable intensification. Whereas in the EU-12 countries it should consist chiefly in improving the economic effects without a deterioration of the state of the natural environment, the EU-15 countries will rather focus on the ecologization of production methods while maintaining the current economic results.

7

Problem kapitalizacji subsydiów w rolnictwie

80%

Góral J., Kulawik J.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

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2015

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issue 1(342)

3-24

EN

The capitalization of the subsidies is a process of depositing them in the rental rates, prices of farmland and values of farm’s assets. For example, the capitalization of direct payments is the part of rent increase due to the introduction of these payments. Generally, it is evaluated as a negative impact, which may be in conflict with the improvement of competitiveness of farms. The capitalization of support is a major source of inefficiency of direct transfers to agriculture, particularly those designed to improve the income situation of farmers. Empirical studies differ as to the level of capitalization, its mechanisms, dynamics and conditions. To sum up the foregoing and the results of previous studies, it is clear that the capitalization of subsidies in agriculture is a fact. Its source, nature, intensity and consequences are conditioned in many ways.

8

Wirtschaftspolitik der Deutschen Besetzungsbehörde im Bezirk Kolomyia (gemäss Zeitung "Volya Pokuttya" 1941-1944)

80%

Aftanas A.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2021

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issue 30

325-341

EN

This article examines the main aspects of the economic policy of the German administration within the Kolomyia region during 1941-1944. On the bases of „Vollia Pokuttya“ news, the directions of Germany economic governance in the agrarian and trade commercial sector were singled out. The economic policy pursued by the German occupation authorities in the Kolomyia region vividly reflected the general trend of expansionist use of industrial and human potential in the district of Galicia. This led to acts of disobedience and sabotage of grain supplies by the peasants and a harsh reaction from the authorities. Nazi officials pursued a similar policy in the cities. By allowing the resumption of business and cooperatives, the Germans hoped to gain the loyalty of local residents. However, support could not be achieved, as de facto control over the above institutions continued to be exercised by various governmental economic groups, which included all existing industrial organizations, craft associations, and consumer cooperatives. Mobilization and organization government measures concerning the departure of the population for job to the Reich were illuminated, and also described their life conditions and social-legal status. In particular, the goal of agricultural and handicraft courses, which operated in Kolomyia’s county, was analyzed. The paper highlights that the organization of professional education was suitable for pragmatic considerations of the Nazi administration, as military failures give the power a push to attract local population to spend active agricultural life. This study is the first attempt of complex assessment of economic policy of the German occupation regime in the mentioned terrains. Therefore, the results of this paper are important both for the further development of historical regionalism and in the context of studies devoted to the Second World War.

9

Zaufanie, skłonność do pomocy i uczciwość a wzrost gospodarczy w Europie

80%

Ambroziak E., Starosta P., Sztaudynger J. J.

Ekonomista

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2016

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issue 5

647-673

PL

Badanie przeprowadzono na danych panelowych dla 22 krajów europejskich w latach 2006–2012. W szacowanym modelu uwzględniono trzy pokrewne składniki kapitału społecznego: zaufanie, skłonność do pomocy oraz uczciwość. Zmienną zagregowaną zawierającą te trzy składniki nazywano kapitałem współpracy. Wyniki wskazują, że w badanych krajach około 1/6 wzrostu gospodarczego może być przypisana przyrostom kapitału współpracy. Ponad 80% tego efektu występuje jednak z opóźnieniami od jednego roku do trzech lat. Trzyskładnikowy kapitał współpracy znacznie lepiej wyjaśnia wzrost gospodarczy niż tradycyjny, jednoelementowy wskaźnik zaufania. Z oszacowanego modelu wynika, że dla wzrostu gospodarczego największe znaczenie ma przyrost gotowości do pomocy. Wskazuje to na kluczowe znaczenie pomocy i współpracy w stymulowaniu działalności gospodarczej.

EN

The article an attempt to assess the impact of three components of social capital: trust, helpfulness, and fairness on economic growth in Europe. The first part of the paper discusses the concepts of social capital and the related concept of trust. The second part gives an overview of the selected research hitherto conducted on the subject. The next parts present the econometric model employed by the authors in order to estimate the impact of the cooperation capital and its three components on economic growth (based on a modified and augmented Cobb-Douglas function). The empirical analysis was made on a sample including panel data for 22 European countries in the period 2006–2012. The tested model includes three interrelated components of social capital: trust, helpfulness, and fairness, which can be combined into an aggregated variable called, ‘cooperation capital’. The results suggest that ca. 1/6 of the economic growth (measured by the GDP growth rate) may be ascribed to the effect of the increase in cooperation capital, but 80% of this effect occurs with 1–3 years lag. The three-component cooperation capital better explains economic growth than the traditional, one-component trust indicator. The estimated model suggests that most important for economic growth is the increase in the helpfulness. This indicates the key importance of helpfulness and cooperation in boosting economic activity.

RU

Исследование проведено на базе панельных данных 22-х европейских стран за 2006– 2012 гг. При построении модели были приняты во внимание три близкие составные части общественного капитала: доверие, желание оказывать помощь и честность. Агре- гированная переменная, содержащая эти три элемента, была названа капиталом сотруд- ничества. Результаты указывают, что в исследованных странах около 1/6 экономического роста было получено благодаря приросту капитала сотрудничества. Однако более чем 80% этого эффекта проявляется с опозданием от одного года до трех лет. Капитал сотрудничества, учитывающий три составляющих, значительно лучше объ- ясняет экономический рост, чем традиционный показатель доверия, состоящий из одно- го элемента. Из модели вытекает, что для экономического роста самое большое значение имеет прирост готовности оказывать помощь. Это указывает на ключевое значение по- мощи и сотрудничества для стимулирования экономической деятельности.

10

Sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas in the light of programs of strategic development

80%

Adamska H., Minta S.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2017

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issue 491

11-18

EN

One of the key challenges of present agriculture and rural areas is the pursuit of sustainable development. Encompassing enormous resources of a natural nature, rural areas should develop in accordance with the principles of sustainable development so that both current and future generations can benefit of them. Implementing the concept of sustainable development in rural areas is conditional on many factors and requires corrective activities, which is connected with the intervention of the state. The paper analyzes programs and instruments to support agricultural development and rural development in line with the concept of sustainable development at national and local level. Particular attention has been paid to “the Strategy of Lower Silesia Voivodship” and “Strategy for sustainable development of rural, agricultural and fisheries for 2012-2020”.

11

Proekologiczne instrumenty wsparcia zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich

80%

Jeżyńska B.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2012

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vol. 10

251-264

EN

In Poland and in many EU member states, rural areas are the dominant part of the country’s area. Their sustainable development determines the degree of the development and progress taking place in the country. The EU Commission has decided that agriculture is an integral part of the economy and European society. The development of Europe’s rural areas and the protection of the environment should be the main goal of European societies and public authorities should be sustainable, intelligent and supporting social including. The implementation of such goals requires the development of new legal regulations creating mechanisms of the common agricultural policy, both in terms of agricultural production and its impact on rural development. In the Projects Pack 2020 CAP the range of financial instruments promoting environmental activities has changed considerably, indicating the increased importance of environmental protection in agricultural production processes and other activities carried out in rural areas. Maintaining environmental requirements is an essential prerequisite for the majority of support and constant element of monitoring, control and evaluation of economic and social activities undertaken in rural areas.

12

Ocena ryzyk ubezpieczeniowych w obowiązkowym ubezpieczeniu upraw rolnych

80%

Malik A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2016

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vol. 14

373-388

EN

This article is an analysis of the issue insurance risks from the point of view of the subjective scope, and of the mandatory crop insurance in the Polish legal system. The issues raised as an element of introduced within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy for the years 2014-2020 of the system of risk management in agriculture determine the direction of the development of crop insurance as a tool for securing not only the interests of agricultural producers, but also entities in any way dependent on the economic situation of agriculture as a sector of economy. At the same time, the author points to the issues specific to individual insurance risks, as well as to questions of interpretation arising under these regulations. The author also draws attention to the achievements of home insurance legislation in the matter, reaching the beginning of the reborn Polish State, as well as the development trends in the market of compulsory insurance of agricultural crops in Poland, from the perspective of its functioning after Poland’s accession to the European Union.

13

Agriculture, biofuels and watersheds in the waterenergy- food nexus: governance challenges at local and global scales

80%

Mwale J. T., Mirzabaev A.

Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems

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2015

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

Agricultural land use in watersheds for food and biofuels production presents several challenges within the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus at the local and global scales. Firstly, high global energy prices may lead to increasing demand for bio-energy crops, thereby intensifying the competition for arable land and water with food crops. There may be potential net welfare benefits from bio-energy development in terms of poverty reduction, higher agricultural household incomes, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. However, so far, there has been little quantitative research evaluating and communicating the nexus synergies and trade-offs. Another challenge is that differentiation of gender roles in the nexus trade-offs and synergies is mostly overlooked. This results in marginalisation of mostly the female gender in land use decisions. Therefore, there is a need for quantitative evidence-based research and incentive frameworks for governing the nexus to ensure the continuity and progress in global and local food supply and bio-energy development, while maintaining the sustainability of the watershed ecological services.

14

Налогообложение производителей сельскохозяйственной продукции в Кыргызской Республике

80%

Makarenko L.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2013

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vol. 18

147-155

EN

This article is devoted to application of taxes in agriculture of the Kyrgyz Republic. In it problems of the taxation of this branch are considered, and also ways of their permission are offered.

15

Sytuacja gospodarcza wsi w powiecie tarnowskim w II Rzeczypospolitej

80%

Mierzwa P.

Zeszyty Wiejskie

|

2019

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vol. 25

69-84

EN

The reborn Poland was a country with a definite dominance of the agricultural sector over other sectors of the national economy. The financial situation of the village had a huge impact on the development of the country’s economy. With a good situation in the agricultural sector, other areas of the economy could develop quickly. With the financial crisis in the 1930s – which the Polish village found itself in – other branches of the economy were also in a weak condition.

16

Nieruchomość rolna i gruntowa w Polskim porządku prawnym

80%

Bylicki L.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 1(21)

165-181

EN

The publications includes issues related to real estate management in Poland, which is an important factor of real estate management processes generally understood as the exchange of goods and services. Is primarily of interest to economic science. Anyone who is involved in real estate management should take into account the legal regulations concerning the property. These regulations, however, are not limited to only one Land Management Act, but they are scattered in different legal acts. Real estate regulations apply to both private law and with public law. There is therefore a need to provide the basics, especially legal, real estate management, resulting primarily from the needs of the practice.

17

Productivity and Competitiveness of the Agricultural Sector in Poland

80%

Rodzinka J., Skica T., Pomianek T.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2021

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vol. 14

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issue 24

139-159

FR

Cet article vise à évaluer la productivité et la compétitivité du secteur agricole en Pologne. Les données utilisées dans l’article ont été fournies par le Réseau de données comptables agricoles polonais et l’Office central des statistiques, ce qui en fait une source d’information représentative et fiable sur l’agriculture en Pologne. Des études ont montré que le secteur agricole en Pologne est caractérisé par une faible productivité, en particulier des petites et moyennes exploitations agricoles qui existent en Pologne, ainsi que par une faible compétitivité interne mesurée par la part du secteur agricole national dans la production du PIB.Des études ont montré, d’autre part, que la situation du secteur est relativement favorable en termes de compétitivité externe, représentée par sa part dans les exportations.

EN

This article attempts to assess the productivity and competitiveness of the agricultural sector in Poland. The data used in the article were provided by Polish FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) and the Central Statistical Office, which makes them a representative and reliable source of information on agriculture in Poland. Studies have shown that the agricultural sector in Poland is characterised by low productivity, especially of small and medium-sized farms prevailing in Poland, as well as low internal competitiveness measured by the share of the national agricultural sector in generating GDP. Studies have shown, on the other hand, that the situation of the sector is relatively well presented in terms of the external competitiveness represented by its share in exports.

18

Wybrane problemy interpretacyjne obowiązkowych ubezpieczeń rolnych

80%

Malik A.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2015

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vol. 13

243-256

EN

This article analyses the specific problems of compulsory agricultural insurances in Polish legal system, including liability insurance of the holder of homestead, insurance for buildings included in the homestead – from fire and the other risks, and crop insurance – from random events. In particular, the author explains the meaning of selected problems of interpretation in the practical application of individual regulations. These considerations are focused on the problem of personal range and realization of the insurance requirements, duration of the insurance contracts, and analysis of the effectiveness of crop insurance regulation. In this regard, the author also reports specific de lege ferenda conclusions.

19

Situation in the Czech agriculture after 9 years of EU accession – a research position to strategic challenges for a future policy after 2013

80%

Šlajs J., Doucha T.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

|

2014

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issue 1(338)

116-127

EN

The main characteristics of the present Czech agriculture – a critical assessment from research point of view. Strategic goals for the Czech agriculture. Research position to the CAP reform after 2013 respecting the strategic goals: improvement of relations of agriculture to environment; increase of effectiveness and competitiveness of farms; balanced approach to distribution of supports; agriculture and renewable energy; agriculture and rural development.

20

Problematyka rolna w świetle nowej umowy handlowej UE–USA (Transatlantic Trade & Investment Agreement)

80%

Marciniuk K.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2013

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vol. 11

227-241

EN

On 8 July 2013 the United States and the European Union commenced negotiations over new trade agreement – Transatlanctic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Once concluded, the TTIP may turn to be one of the most significant free trade agreements. It’s importance would not be limited to the bilateral trade relations between the United States and the European Union, but most probably, achieving agreement over TTIP will reinvigorate negotiations over the global agreement during the WTO’s Doha Round. Agriculture seems to be one of the most difficult, but equally most significant issues. Author presents the background of current differences over the agricultural issues on both sides of the Atlantic and identifies main topics and challenges on the way to the agreement, e.g.: the level of duties for agricultural products and the pace of their elimination, sanitary and phytosanitary issues, GIs, new technologies in food production, export subsidies as well as food aid. Potential agreement over these issues will trigger significant changes in legal regulations regarding agriculture in the United States as well as in the European Union and its member states, including Poland.

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