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Na pomoc pomocy

100%
Prakseologia
|
2012
|
issue 153
359-378
EN
The author analyzes aid as it is perceived nowadays. I argue that, as a result of many factors, there has been an overflow of meanings of aid and thus not everything that is commonly regarded as aid is, in fact, aid in its essential meaning. I distinguish between aid activities and apparent aid activities and indicate that, at the same time, aid elements determine that a given action becomes aid. The distinction between real aid and an apparent aid activity is important due to the fact that granting aid is a constitutive element of human nature.
EN
The main goal of the authors of the report was providing an account of creative scientific seminars, of significance for counseling experts and other specialists. The presented subject concerned multicultural counseling, which contributed to numerous inspiring thoughts and to active participation in debates over various fields of supporting activities. The chief purpose of these activities was the exchange of experience in counseling practice, creating the aid practice, as well as sharing views on issues of methodological or methodical nature. The participants of these important scientific events were given the opportunity of exploring the theoretical knowledge of counseling, and also putting their skills into practice during the workshops. Counselor – companion. In reference to the meeting with Professor Nancy Arthur (University of Calgary, Canada) one may conclude that its participants gained valuable answers to many pervading questions. The work put into workshops proved to be very inspiring as well. The participants could experience innovative counseling situations, evaluate their experience or professional activity as a counselor or helper availing themselves of practices known from other cultures or professions. Thoughts of practitioners/Practical experience. The researchers from the Netherlands positioned their speech closer to research practice, namely the professional identity of a counselor. Through deep reflections and practical experience, the Dutch scientists put a lot of effort into getting close to their practice and into referring to their lives, to Me-Others relation.
EN
The Russian attack on Ukraine on 24 February 2022 triggered the beginning of the biggest humanitarian crisis in modern Europe since the end of World War 2. Within the first six days of the war, more than four million refugees crossed the Ukrainian border, and most of them arrived in Poland. In response to this crisis, non-governmental organizations and volunteers in Poland played a crucial role in providing support to Ukrainian refugees. Their efforts included providing basic necessities such as food and shelter, as well as assisting with legal and administrative matters. This may be dubbed an example of civil society in action, where citizens take initiative to help those in need here and now, without waiting for the state to introduce specific legal acts. This article aims to describe the historical background of civil activities in Poland as well as the response of both volunteers and the government to the refugee crisis in the first period of the war.
4
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Persecution of Christians

88%
EN
The situation of Christians in Iraq and Syria has been problematic for many years. The article first deals with the issues of social tensions caused by religious diversity. The repercussions of these conflicts are presented, with an emphasis on the problems of immigration from regions affected by the war. The article then describes the forms of aid provided in Iraq and Syria, with an emphasis on medical and humanitarian aid. The work also includes reports from these places and outlines the problems of Christian clergy in persecuted communities.
EN
The article discusses institutions providing support and aid to people with disabilities and their families. The theoretical determinants of the aid process were discussed in the context of the possible forecasting of strategies for these interactions within the functioning of public, non-governmental and private institutions (without budgetary subsidies). The important area highlighted in the paper was not only disability and the family’s needs but also the nature of a possible support which should depend on a forecast of actions resulting out of the nature and grade of person’s disability. In turn, the scope of proposed solutions should comprise of a package of offers dependent on the grade and nature of person’s disability and should lead to their life and economic independence. However, this requires a tripartite social dialogue, good will, and understanding of each person requiring a long-term support and aid. This article ends with a short conclusion highlighting the need for immediate actions for starting a social dialogue in order to establish a tri-sectoral aid, and within its scope, a reasonable forecast of the needs of the child with disabilities.
EN
The paper examines the nature of China’s economic activities in Africa in three dimensions: merchandise trade, foreign direct investment, and aid. These are three main channels through which China’s presence on the continent affects Africa’s economic growth and development. China’s economic relations with Africa are, to a large extent, driven by Chinese demand for natural resources, especially oil and minerals. It is the most visible in Sino-African trade, where fuels alone account for about two thirds of China’s imports from Africa. Natural resource extraction has also significant impact on Chinese decisions regarding foreign direct investment (FDI) and aid. Mutual cooperation between China and Africa has brought obvious advantages for both sides. For African countries, closer trade relations with China have been associated with gains in the form of lower import prices and improving terms of trade. Chinese FDI in non-extractive sectors has become a chance for economic diversification on the African continent. China’s aid and FDI can significantly contribute to the development of local infrastructure and technology upgrading. However, China’s economic presence on the continent has also its negative side. African countries may suffer, for example, from trade related losses, unfair competition or further debt accumulation.
EN
Who do we want to educate? Happy, kind and trustworthy people or perhaps individuals equipped with many competences and skills – this is a dilemma of contemporary parents, teachers, and educators. From the analysis of interviews with parents whose children start their first year in nursery school there emerges a disturbing vision of the characteristics of the contemporary man. Globalisation questions the process of forming such traits as kindness, authenticity, and beauty, which shape morality. Instead of this triad that determines the relations between people as well as between people and the world, some specific competenances and skills are preferred in the education of children.
PL
Procesy restrukturyzacji naprawczej przedsiębiorstw w UE będą zyskiwać na znaczeniu; m.in. wytyczne Komisji Europejskiej w sprawie „drugiej szansy dla przedsiębiorstw” wymagają reformy dotychczasowych rozwiązań instytucjonalnych, wspierających procesy naprawcze w Polsce. Brakuje w naszym kraju publicznego funduszu restrukturyzacyjnego (lub funduszu złych długów), który wspólnie z bankiem finansującym zapewniałby tzw. kapitał przetrwania. System podatkowy nie sprzyja procesom naprawczym. Trudno też przedsiębiorcom uzyskać wsparcie z innych instytucji państwowych. Nie jest oczywiście uzasadnione wspieranie każdego procesu naprawczego. Podstawą uruchamiania dźwigni finansowej procesu naprawczego powinna być analiza efektywności pomocy dla przedsiębiorstwa i kryterium niezawinionych strat. W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe modele i mierniki analizy efektywności dźwigni finansowej, służące podejmowaniu decyzji o naprawie lub upadłości przedsiębiorstwa.
EN
The purpose of this article is to expose an unusual vision regarding the topic of aid to African countries, and more precisely to briefly describe and analyse the thought of Dambisa Moyo’s, a Zambian economist who heavily criticised the system of aid for the African continent sparking uproar and provoking reactions in Western societies. The debate underlines without any doubt the different viewpoint of the author, which is the most famous African economist on these topics, compared to western economists. This reinforces the relevance of the article.
EN
Fragile states pose a risk to regional and global security and an immense challenge to international development cooperation. The term fragile states generally refers to countries with dysfunctional, deteriorating or collapsed central authorities, as well as weak, failed, failing and collapsed states. In recent years they have attracted considerable and increased attention in the international development community, including the German development policy. Documents such as the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) strategy “Developmentoriented Transformation in Conditions of Fragile Statehood and Poor Government Performance” and the guidelines on dealings with troubled states demonstrate that the German development cooperation has tried to tailor its approaches to these circumstances. This new policy crosses ministry boundaries and sets out a framework of closely action for the German foreign ministry, the defense ministry and the ministry for economic cooperation. This paper gives a short summary of the German policy towards fragile states, portrays their limitations, efforts and strategies for the future.
EN
This paper will deal with the aspects of the question of the role of German to provide more leadership – and of Poland to be more present – in the global development context in the future. It gives a short summary of the German and Polish policy towards developing countries. Relevant topics include the German and Polish development policy guidelines, partner countries, and higher official development assistance (ODA) expenditure. The analysis take look at forthcoming global and development challenges and the role of both countries particular in addressing these challenges.
EN
The purpose of the family and guardianship legal accion is focused on reintegrating the dysfunctional family environment. This dysfunction is interpreted as a failure in forming a family which responds adequately to the challenges and tasks as stipulated by the Family and Guardianship Code. Generally speaking, every executory legal action in such matters as the parental rights, the civil incapacitation or the forced alcohol addiction treatment is aimed in providing aid to the subjects of the proceeedings and the relief for their families. The Family and Guardianship Court decisions have as their objective the elimination of the dysfunctions that might have appeared in the life of an individual and his or her family.
PL
Istota sądowego postępowania wykonawczego w sprawach rodzinnych i opiekuńczych sprowadza się do reintegracji środowiska dysfunkcjonalnej rodziny. Dysfunkcjonalność rodziny stanowi rewers funkcjonalności, to jest prawidłowej i sprawnej realizacji celów oraz zadań, które są jej przypisywane normami Kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego. Generalnie rzecz ujmując, przedmiotem każdego z postępowań wykonawczych, czyli w sprawach z zakresu władzy rodzicielskiej, osób ubezwłasnowolnionych oraz osób uzależnionych od alkoholu zobowiązanych do poddania się leczeniu odwykowemu, jest pomoc i ochrona udzielana uczestnikowi tego postępowania oraz jego rodzinie. Ingerencja sądu opiekuńczego w tym postępowaniu w każdej z przedstawionych kategorii spraw dąży w swoim założeniu do anihilacji powstałej dysfunkcjonalności jednostki i jej rodziny. 
EN
The article discusses the forms of aiding families with the pathological gambling problem that are available in Poland as well as the example of the Canadian program. Among others, the results are presented of studies conducted in 2011 and 2012 that aimed at making a diagnosis of the aid resources for the gambling problem in Poland. In the studies 801 institutions took part that conduct therapy of addictions. Among them 120 declared that they offer aid to families affected by pathological gambling. In the forms of aid individual therapy, counseling and education dominate. Less than half of the institutions have a therapeutic program worked out for pathological gamblers, and the remaining institutions conduct therapy according to programs prepared for people addicted to psychoactive substances. Addiction therapists say there is a great need of improving their qualifications in the sphere of supporting people with behavioral addiction – including pathological gambling.
EN
The article discusses the forms of aiding families with the pathological gambling problem that are available in Poland as well as the example of the Canadian program. Among others, the results are presented of studies conducted in 2011 and 2012 that aimed at making a diagnosis of the aid resources for the gambling problem in Poland. In the studies 801 institutions took part that conduct therapy of addictions. Among them 120 declared that they offer aid to families affected by pathological gambling. In the forms of aid individual therapy, counseling and education dominate. Less than half of the institutions have a therapeutic program worked out for pathological gamblers, and the remaining institutions conduct therapy according to programs prepared for people addicted to psychoactive substances. Addiction therapists say there is a great need of improving their qualifications in the sphere of supporting people with behavioral addiction – including pathological gambling.
EN
The Polish judicial system, and thus also the justice system, should be reformed, asis overloaded with the number of considered cases. However this reform can be possible only thank to the cooperation of various environments and work at the grass roots (within the broadly understood justice system). The reform should lead to a situation, where as many cases and disputes as possible could be solved outside the courtroom. Therefore, the reform should focus on facilitating such solutions as: alternative dispute resolution methods, the methods of pre-court selection of cases and legal education. All the mentioned solutions reflect the principle of the Hippocratic oath which states, that “prevention is better than cure”. The Malopolska-Silesian campaign offering help in filling out the personal income tax return forms is one of few examples of cooperation between a law clinic and a free legal aid society, i.e. two entities co creating the justice system and supporting social groups that cannot aff ord to use legal services. Therefore, such projects should be broadly discussed, modified and widely promoted.
PL
Polski system sądownictwa a zatem wąsko rozumianego wymiaru sprawiedliwości jest przeciążony ilością rozpatrywanych spraw i wymaga reformy. Reforma ta możliwa jest tylko przy współdziałaniu różnych środowisk i pracy u podstaw (w ramach szeroko rozumianego wymiaru sprawiedliwości). Efektem reformy winna być sytuacja, w której jak najwięcej spraw i sporów, jakie finał mogą znaleźć poza sądem, taki finał znajdzie. Dlatego w ramach reformy należy skupić się na ułatwieniu dostępu do rozwiązań w postaci: alternatywnych metod rozwiązywania sporów oraz metod przedsądowej selekcji spraw i edukacji prawnej społeczeństwa, a zatem rozwiązań funkcjonujących w myśl zasady z przysięgi Hipokratesa, że „lepiej zapobiegać niż leczyć”. Małopolsko-śląska akcja pomocy w wypełnianiu tzw. PIT-ów stanowi nieliczny przykład współpracy kliniki prawa i punktu NPP, czyli dwóch podmiotów współtworzących szeroko rozumiany wymiar sprawiedliwości, przy czym działania tych podmiotów adresowane są do grup społecznych zbyt rzadko korzystających z usług prawniczych. Dlatego akcję tę warto propagować, dyskutować, modyfikować i powielać.
EN
1795–1918 Poland was partitioned by three invaders – Prussia (later German Empire), Russia and Austria and didn’t exist on political maps. The outbreak of the World War I woke hope for the rebirth of the Polish state among Poles, including those in the U.S.A. and Canada. During WWI over 20,000 volunteers of Polish origin went from North America to Europe to fight in the Polish Army in France (“Blue Army”) and in Polish-Bolshevik war (1919–1921). After Poland regained its statehood, over 14,000 soldiers re-turned to America. Most of them faced a dramatic situation – wounded, disabled, homeless and without their jobs, they didn’t receive any help from the state, because (according to law) they weren’t the U.S. veterans and therefore had no right to federal health care. Poland, considering them Americans, didn’t support them either. Consequently, the entire responsibility for helping the veterans took numerous Polish organizations in the USA. Some of them – like the Polish Army Veterans Association (PAVA, or in Polish Stowarzyszenie Weteranów Armii Polskiej w Ameryce, SWAP) – were founded just in this respect: to help the veterans. PAVA was established in 1921 in Cleveland, with many branches all around the country. It was a men’s organization whose main function was self-aid. Four years later, the PAVA Ladies’ Auxiliary Corps (Korpus Pomocniczy Pań SWAP), one of the most significant organizations, was created. The article presents the Corps’ activity, under Agnieszka Wisła. The organization has been focused on humanitarian and charity work and has distinguished itself enormously in this endeavor. Their tasks have been among others: caring for the disabled and the sick veterans; organizing help for the homeless and unemployed veterans – i.e. the establishing and maintaining the shelters and nursing homes; visiting the sick veterans in hospitals and nursing homes; raising money by organizing charity balls or exhibitions of their needlework; arranging various entertainment events in order to acquire funds for The Corps’ activities; participating in funerals and caring for the graves of Polish veterans; assisting in organization and taking part in patriotic events (like veterans’ parades, lectures and readings, organizing patriotic trips to Poland); organizing the “Cornflower Days” (Cornflower symbolizes the Blue Army), i.e. – raising funds not only among the Polonia but also among Americans of other origins. At some point of time (mainly in the 40. and in the 50.) there were few thousand members of the Corps working in America, for instance: in 1946 there were 4614 members, and in 1958 as many as 5079 members. Today Auxiliary Corps has about 250 members. Until today the Auxiliary Corps is one of the oldest, strongest and most dynamic Polish women's organizations in America. They have supported thousands of Polish veterans and their families with material as well as moral help for over 90 years now. Their history as well as history of the PAVA is commemorated at the Polish Military Heritage Museum in New York.
PL
W latach 1795–1918 Polska znajdowała się pod zaborami, podzielona między trzy mocarstwa – Prusy (później Cesarstwo Niemieckie), Rosję i Austrię – i nie istniała na politycznych mapach. Wybuch I wojny światowej obudził wśród Polaków, także tych w USA i Kanadzie, nadzieję na odrodzenie się państwa polskiego. Podczas I wojny światowej ponad 20 000 ochotników polskiego pochodzenia wyruszyło z Ameryki Północnej do Europy, aby walczyć w Armii Polskiej we Francji („Błękitnej Armii‖) oraz w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej (1919–1921). Po odzyskaniu przez Polskę państwowości, ponad 14 000 żołnierzy wróciło do Ameryki. Większość z nich stanęła w obliczu dramatycznej sytuacji – ranni, niepełnosprawni, bezdomni lub bez pracy nie otrzymywali żadnej pomocy od państwa, ponieważ (zgodnie z prawem) nie byli weteranami amerykańskimi i w związku z tym nie mieli prawa do opieki zdrowotnej. Polska, uznając ich za Amerykanów, również się nimi nie zaopiekowała.Całą odpowiedzialność za pomoc weteranom wzięły zatem na siebie liczne polskie organizacje w USA. Niektóre z nich – jak Stowarzyszenie Weteranów Armii Polskiej w Ameryce (SWAP, Polish Army Veterans Association, PAVA) – powstały właśnie w celu pomocy weteranom. SWAP utworzony został w 1921 roku w Cleveland, z wieloma placówkami w całym kraju, jako głównie męska organizacja samopomocowa. Cztery lata później, powołano jego siostrzaną, jedną z najbardziej znaczących organizacji – Korpus Pomocniczy SWAP (PAVA Ladies' Auxiliary Corps). Artykuł poświęcony jest działalności założonego i kierowanego przez Agnieszkę Wisłę Korpusu Pomocniczego. Organizacja koncentrowała się na pracy charytatywnej i humanitarnej na rzecz weteranów, a do głównych jej zadań należało m.in.: dbanie o niepełnosprawnych i chorych weteranów; organizowanie pomocy dla bezdomnych i bezrobotnych poprzez tworzenie i utrzymanie schronisk i domów opieki; odwiedzanie chorych weteranów w szpitalach i domach opieki; zbiórki pieniędzy w ramach bali charytatywnych lub wystaw robótek ręcznych; organizowanie różnego rodzaju imprez rozrywkowych w celu zdobycia środków na działalność Korpusu; uczestnictwo w pogrzebach i opieka nad grobami polskich weteranów; pomoc w organizacji i udział w imprezach patriotycznych (jak parady, wykłady i odczyty, organizacja wycieczek patriotycznych do Polski); organizowanie „Dnia Bławatka" (bławatek jest symbolem Błękitnej Armii), podczas którego prowadzone są kwesty na rzecz polskich weteranów nie tylko wśród Polonii, ale także wśród Amerykanów innego pochodzenia. W pewnym okresie (głównie w latach 40. i 50.) Korpus Pomocniczy liczył kilka tysięcy członkiń, np.: w 1946 roku było 4614 członkiń, a w 1958 aż 5079 członkiń. Obecnie organizacja skupia około 250 pań. Korpus Pomocniczy jest do dziś dnia jedną z najstarszych, największych i najbardziej aktywnych polskich organizacji kobiecych w Ameryce. Przez ponad 90 lat korpusianki wsparły tysiące polskich weteranów i ich rodzin, zarówno w formie materialnej, jak i duchowej. Historia Korpusu Pomocniczego oraz Stowarzyszenia Weteranów Armii Polskiej w Ameryce jest upamiętniona w Muzeum Tradycji i Oręża Polskiego w Nowym Jorku.
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