Results found: 2

Search results

Search:
in the keywords: akty prawne ochrony dóbr kultury

Sort By:

Limit search:

Problemy ochrony zabytków w Etiopii

100%

Gąsiorowski E.

Ochrona Zabytków

1987

issue 4

295-298

The foundations of the Ethiopian protection of monuments was laid by the Emperor's proclamation no 229 of 1966, on the strength of which all monuments from before 1850, irrespective of who was the owner, were recognized as the state property. Still, proclamation does not say anything about the Emperor. Nor lists it museums, libraries, archives. (Six months later the instructions were given to establish the autonomous Board of Ethiopian Monuments that was to control „research, care, protection and studies” on the monuments of the country). After 1974 new authorities continued cooperation with UNESCO, the outcome of which was a plan for "the protection and presentation of selected historic objects and works of architecture” and 1978 UNESCO resolution initiating an international solidarity campaign, drawing of a programme of a professional technical base and conservation of chosen historic complexes (i.a. Aksumu, Condar, Lalibela, Ulaschory in the region of the Fana lake and the town of Harrar). By the time a new law on the protection of cultural property is passed, the 1966 Emperor’s Proclamation, not applied in practice, remains in force. The new law has to create both an optimum legal base for the protection of monuments as well as the conditions for their use. During the consultation of UNESCO (in which the author of the present report has also taken part) attention has been paid to the need to define the kind and age of objects covered by protection and their classification as well as the creation of the conditions that would enable the operation of conservation services. The problem of the protection of monuments in Ethiopia is completely incomparable with the problems encountered in European states. The size of the country and, first and foremost, dispersion and inaccessibility of structures, political tensions and permanent war unrest, natural calamities and a traditional mistrust of believers who defend the access to churches and hide objects of religious cult before the strangers and authorities determine the conditions in which conservation services are to work. These are great difficulties, worsened still by the lack of professional services and merely partial knowledge of objects in possession. Everything here is in an embryo stage and available means — meagre. Therefore, even the best law will not solve the problem. And these are the tasks for a few decades. It is necessary to build up both the entire administrative — executional apparatus as well as scientific and technical facilities.

Kontrola eksportu dóbr kultury w prawie włoskim

63%

Buchwald P., Kowalski W.

Ochrona Zabytków

1996

issue 1

1-7

The development of the art market in Poland, the opening of state frontiers as well as the intention of joining the European Union make it necessary to undertake legislative initiatives which aim at a new regulation of the export of cultural property; the binding law of 1962 still functions in circumstances quite different from those which accompanied its introduction. Legislative postulates should be preceded by an analysis of systems of controlling the export of artworks in other countries. This article is a brief presentation of the legal solutions applied in Italy. The Italian model stemmed from the extremely rich legislative traditions of the Italian states. At present, the fundamental legal act which regulates all issues concerned with the protection of cultural heritage is law no. 1089 of 1 June 1939. Protection encompasses all objects of artistic, historical, archeological and ethnographic importance, with the exception of works by living artists or those works which are less than 50 years old. The law foresees a wide range of legal measures preventing the scattering of the national cultural heritage. They include the registration of monuments, the restriction of ownership rights in cases of registered objects, the non-sale of property belonging to state institutions and the right to preemption enjoyed by the state. It is possible to export works of art from Italy only in those cases when this procedure does not reduce national heritage. An indispensable condition is an export license issued by a competent office. In cases of export contrary to the binding regulations, the exported object is confiscated and the perpetrator — fined.

Refine search results

2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Buchwald P.

1 Gąsiorowski E.

1 Kowalski W.

1 1996

1 1987

Search results

Problemy ochrony zabytków w Etiopii

Kontrola eksportu dóbr kultury w prawie włoskim