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L-kanawanina – niebiałkowy aminokwas toksyczny dla zwierząt i roślin

100%
Staszek P., Antosik A., Krasuska U., Gniazdowska A.
Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa
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2014
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issue 3
9-17
EN
Allelopathy describes plant-plant interaction by chemicals released into environment. In most cases negative effect of allelochemicals is detected due to their toxicity. L- canavanine belongs to the group of non-protein amino acids, and is known as antimetabolite of L-arginine. L-canavanine is synthesized in legumes. It functions as a putative source of nitrogen, and is famous for its insecticidal activity. The work summarizes the current knowledge on the role of L-canavanine in plant metabolism and their impact on growth and development of plants. A special attention was pointed also on L-canavanine in plant-herbivore interaction.
2
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The role of seed coat in the germination and early stages of growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the presence of chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) Vill.)

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Mazur A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2019
103-118
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the role of the seed coat in the presence of aqueous extracts from Stellaria media (L.) Vill. on germination and early growth stages of bean seeds Phaseolus vulgaris L. Dry shoots of the chickweed aqueous extracts were prepared, with which the bean seeds with coat and without coat were treated. The control group was seeds watered only with distilled water. After 7 days of the experiment, seed germination parameters, seed germination rate (SE), seed vitality index (SVI), seedling growth inhibition index (IP), fresh and dry mass values and percentage water content were determined. The experiment showed the germination capacity of bean seeds was varied, in relation to seeds from the control. With increasing concentrations of extracts, a significant reduction in the seed germination rate was observed, both for those with seed coat and without seed coat. The seed vitality index increased only in seeds with coat, and decreased in each of the applied concentrations of extracts in seeds without seed coat. The seedling growth inhibition index reached negative values in both groups of seeds tested only at a concentration of 5%. In comparison to the control, IP was positive for seedlings watered with 15% extracts. For P. vulgaris seedlings grown on 5% of extracts the highest increase in the fresh mass was observed, in relation to the value of control mass. For seedlings grown from seeds with seed coat the diferences in the dry mass values primarily were noted. The percentage of water content in bean seedlings varied depending on the group of seeds studied and the concentration of allelopathic substances in the chickweed aqueous extracts. The examined indexes of seed germination and seedling growth showed that in the case of P. vulgaris seeds without seed coat. The role of seed coat in the germination and early stages of growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the presence of chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) Vill.) were more sensitive to aqueous extracts from dry shoots of S. media. Compared to the control group, in low concentrations of allelopathic substances the seeds germinated similarly to the distilled water, and at higher concentrations, the seeds germination, the seedlings growth and fresh and dry mass values were inhibited.
3
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Allelopatia – czy rośliny potrafią się komunikować?

100%
Kopczewski T.
Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa
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2014
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issue 3
3-8
EN
Is communication the exclusive attribute of animals? It turns out that it is not. Mechanisms of signal transduction also exist in the world of plants. What’s more, these signals can be exchanged not only between plants but also between plants and microorganisms. Biochemical interactions in which one organism secretes compounds negatively or positively influencing the growth and development of another organism, are called allelopathy and the compounds – allelochemicals. They play a significant role in ecological interactions between organisms, which gives the possibility to apply allelochemicals in agricultural practice, e.g. in biological methods of dealing with weeds. This paper describes the characteristics of allelochemicals as well as the possibilities of their practical application in modern agriculture.
4
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Allelopathic activity of the Synechococcus sp. (Cyanobacteria, Chroococcales) on selected cyanobacteria species

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Śliwińska-Wilczewska S., Gergella K., Latała A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
|
2016
EN
Picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. is very important but still poorly understood component of marine and freshwater ecosystems. In this study, the effect of single and multiple addition of cell-free filtrate obtained from Synechococcus sp. on selected cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp., Geitlerinema amphibium, Nodularia spumigena and Nostoc sp. was investigated. The species present in this work are groups of aquatic phototrophs known to co-occur in the Baltic Sea. The study showed that the picocyanobacterial cell-free filtrate inhibit the growth and changed the cell morphology of filamentous cyanobacteria G. amphibium, N. spumigena and Nostoc sp. It was shown that the addition of cell-free filtrate caused a decline of pigmentation and cell lysis of G. amphibium, N. spumigena and Nostoc sp. compared to the control culture. In addition, it was observed that the filtrate obtained from Synechococcus sp. did not affect the Synechocystis sp. It was found that the filtrate obtained from picocyanobacterium had the strongest effect on growth of G. amphibium, therefore for this cyanobacteria performed additional experiments to showed whether the filtrate affected also photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis. The study proved that the picocyanobacterial allelopathic compounds reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis, which results in the inhibition of growth of target organisms. This way of interaction may explain the formation of almost monospecific cyanobacterial blooms in many aquatic ecosystems, including in the Baltic Sea.
5
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Allelopathic activity of the Baltic picocyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.

75%
Śliwińska-Wilczewska S., Knitter A., Cisło D., Latała A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2017
EN
Allelopathic compounds produced by picocyanobacteria could affect the growth and development of biological systems. The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of unknown allelochemicals obtained from picocyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. BA-153 in monocultures and in mixed cultures. In this study, we demonstrated that Synechocystis sp. BA-153 caused allelopathic effects against other strains of picocyanobacteria. It was found that Synechocystis sp. BA-121 was strongly inhibited by Synechocystis sp. BA-153 in both the mixed culture and cell-free filtrates. On the other hand, the addition of live picocyanobacterial culture of Synechocystis sp. BA-153 stimulated the growth of Synechocystis sp. BA-122. These results showed the allelopathic activity of Synechocystis sp. BA-153, which can cause either the inhibition or stimulation of growth of selected picoplanktonic cyanobacteria.
6
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Allelopathic effect of the Baltic picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on selected diatoms

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Konarzewska Z., Śliwińska-Wilczewska S., Latała A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2017
EN
It is commonly believed that the structure of phytoplankton and the formation of cyanobacterial and algal blooms may be explained by allelopathic interactions. The main aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic effect of picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on the following growth and fluorescence parameters: the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) of selected diatoms – Nitzschia fonticola, Fistulifera saprophila, Navicula perminuta and Amphora coffeaeformis. In this study, it was demonstrated that picocyanobacterium caused allelopathic effects against Baltic diatoms. The results showed that the addition of cell-free filtrate from Synechococcus sp. increased the number of cells of N. fonticola and F. saprophila. Moreover, it was found that picocyanobacterium was stimulated fluorescence parameters of N. fonticola, F. saprophila, and N. perminuta. On the other hand, it was noted that filtrate obtained from picocyanobacterium caused the inhibition of Fv/Fm parameter of A. coffeaeformis. The results of this experiment may provide further information about allelopathic interactions between Baltic picocyanobacteria and diatoms that are crucial to the understanding of algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems.
7
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Allelopathic effect of Ulva intestinalis L. on the Baltic filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp.

63%
Budzałek G., Śliwińska-Wilczewska S., Latała A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2018
EN
Allelopathy is a prevalent natural phenomenon in aquatic ecosystem. We reported the effects of the green macroalga Ulva intestinalis L. collected from estuaries of the Baltic Sea (Poland) on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence of common filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. It was found that the addition of 50 µL mL–1 extracts obtained from U. intestinalis inhibited growth of cyanobacterium and after one week of exposition the reduction was 35% of initial amount of Nostoc sp. In addition, we demonstrated that on the seventh day of the exposition, the values of Fv/Fm of target cyanobacterium after addition of 100 µL mL–1 extracts obtained from U. intestinalis was reduced to 49%, compared to control treatment. These results showed for the first time the allelopathic activity of U. intestinalis on Baltic filamentous cyanobacteria Nostoc sp.
8
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Allelopathic effect of Fucus vesiculosus (brown alga) and Coccotylus brodiei (red alga) on the growth and photosynthesis performance of Baltic cyanobacteria

62%
Budzałek G., Śliwinska-Wilczewska S.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
|
2021
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vol. 6
PL
Aktywność allelopatyczna w ekosystemach wodnych zależy od produkcji i uwalniania aktywnych związków allelopatycznych oraz ich skutecznego rozprzestrzeniania się w środowisku. Stwierdzono, że makroglony wytwarzają aktywne metabolity, które wpływają na inne organizmy, które konkurują z nimi o światło i składniki odżywcze. Jednak aktywność allelopatyczna bałtyckich krasnorostów i brunatnic na nitkowate sinice jest nadal niedostatecznie poznana. Dlatego głównym celem niniejszej pracy było wykazanie i porównanie aktywności allelopatycznej makroglonów Fucus vesiculosus (brunatnia) i Coccotylus brodiei (krasnorost) na wzrost i aktywność fotosyntetyczną dwóch bałtyckich sinic Aphanizomenon sp. i Nostoc sp. W pracy stwierdzono stymulujący wpływ różnych stężeń (5, 25 i 50 µL mL–1) wodnego ekstraktu otrzymanego z C. brodiei na liczebność komórek Nostoc sp., które wynosiły odpowiednio: 108%, 140% i 147% w stosunku do grupy kontrolnej. Z drugiej strony ekstrakty uzyskane z F. vesiculosus nie miały istotnego statystycznie wpływu na liczebność komórek sinic Aphanizomenon sp. i Nostoc sp. Wykazano także, że ekstrakty z C. brodiei nie miały istotnego wpływu na wzrost Aphanizomenon sp. Ponadto bałtyckie makroglony F. vesiculosus i C. brodiei wpływały allelopatycznie na aktywność fotosyntetyczną u Nostoc sp. i Aphanizomenon sp., a wydzielane przez nie związki wykazywały hamujący, stymulujący lub brak wpływu na maksymalną wydajność kwantową drugiego fotosystemu (PSII) w ciemności (Fv/Fm) oraz na rzeczywistą wydajność kwantową PSII w świetle (ΦPSII). Wyniki uzyskane w niniejszej pracy stanowią ważny wkład w stan wiedzy na temat aktywności allelopatycznej bałtyckich krasnorostów i brunatnic na wybrane gatunki nitkowatych sinic, zdolnych do tworzenia masowych zakwitów.
EN
In aquatic ecosystems, allelopathic activity depends on the production and secretion of active allelopathic compounds and their effective dispersal in the environment. In addition, macroalgae have been found to produce active metabolites that affect other organisms that compete with them for nutrients. However, the allelopathic activity of Baltic red and brown macroalgae on filamentous cyanobacteria is still insufficiently understood. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to demonstrate and compare the allelopathic effects of macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus L. and Coccotylus brodiei (Turner) Kütz. on the growth and photosynthetic activity of two Baltic cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon sp. and Nostoc sp. It was found a stimulating effect of different concentrations (5, 25, and 50 µL mL–1) of the aqueous extract obtained from C. brodiei on the number of cells of Nostoc sp. which constituted 108%, 140%, and 147%, respectively, relative to the control treatment. On the other hand, extracts obtained from F. vesiculosus had no statistically significant effect on the number of cells of the cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon sp. and Nostoc sp. Moreover, the C. brodiei extracts had no significant impact on the growth of Aphanizomenon sp. Furthermore, Baltic macroalgae F. vesiculosus and C. brodiei was able to exert allelopathic effects on photosynthesis performance of Nostoc sp. and Aphanizomenon sp. and compounds produced by them had inhibitory, stimulatory, or no significant effect on the maximum PSII quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII). The results obtained in this work constitute an important contribution to the knowledge on the allelopathic activity of Baltic red and brown algae on certain bloom-forming species of filamentous cyanobacteria.
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