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EN
The authors of the article focus the concept of alternative theatre, the Polish alternative theatre experience as a part of universal countercultural movement, the outdoor and site specific theatre festivals as a tool for social change and the future prospects of the alternative theatre in Poland. The term “alternative theatre” assumes the conscious adoption of a critical andrebellious attitude against the existing social and political status quo. What is more, it assumes a desire by artists of the theatre to supplant the existing methods of social communication with other, more creative ways, which better contribute to the self-development of individuals who participate in the process. Here, theatrical performance signifies the wish of theatrical artists tochange the structure of their contemporaries’ perception and valorisation of the world.
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EN
The term “alternative theatre” assumes the conscious adoption of a critical and rebellious attitude against the existing social and political status quo. What is more, it assumes a desire by artists of the theatre to supplant the existing methods of social communication with other, more creative ways, which better contribute to the self-development of individuals who participate in the process. Here, theatrical performance signifies the wish of theatrical artists to change the structure of their contemporaries’ perception and valorisation of the world. Bearing in mind this preliminary assumptions the authors of the article focus on the selected topics: the concept of alternative theatre, the Polish alternative theatre experience as a part of universal countercultural movement, the outdoor and site specific theatre festivals as a tool for social change and the future prospects of the alternative theatre in Poland.
EN
The article discusses and analyzes the model of operation and promotion of contemporary independent theatre companies (including their financing and organizational status), whose specifics places the alternative theatre in the background in relation to the institutional/dominant theatre. However, the main objective of the article is not to compare the repertory theatre with the off theatre, but to identify the obstacles and dangers to the alternative theatre today and the prospects for its development. The analysis is conducted in the spirit of cultural studies and aims to initiate a discussion of the financing and promotion of off theatres, an issue that is rarely the subject of detailed examinations or scientific studies. The result may be a marginalization and even disregard of the phenomenon in question, which plays an important role in Polish theatrical life.
ES
En el artículo, la autora resume tres casos de grupos de teatro vanguardista cuyas obras desempeñaron el papel de ritos de paso en los respectivos periodos de la transición democrática en Polonia y España. Se trata de las compañías: Teatr Ósmego Dnia, La Fura dels Baus y Els Joglars. Demuestra que dichos grupos no siempre disfrutaron de resultados positivos de su proyecto de “transición teatral”. Las compañías en cuestión, primero, introdujeron nuevos lenguajes escénicos, ajustaron cuentas con el pasado para abrir caminos al futuro, resumieron las consecuencias inmediatas de las transiciones, propusieron nuevos paradigmas o valores. Y después, siguieron funcionando en las nuevas estructuras, pero pagaron un precio importante. Las víctimas de los procesos de cierta decadencia en los tres casos han sido: el método de la creación colectiva, los valores de solidaridad y trabajo artístico compartido y la más alta calidad artística.
EN
The author shows how three avant-garde theater groups created works that played a notable role of rites of passage in their respective periods of transition to democracy. Troupes Teatr Ósmego Dnia of Poznań, Barcelona’s La Fura dels Baus and Els Joglars are analysed. The essay shows that transition brought a hefty price to pay. Initially, those groups introduced new performance codes, closed the past accounts and opened future ahead with new paradigms and values in view. Later, while they continued working within those new paradigms, they lost much of the drive. Collective creation, values of solidarity and group work suffered with quality, vigour and imagination all staled.
PL
W artykule autorka podsumowuje trzy przypadki awangardowych grup teatralnych, których prace odgrywały rolę rytuałów przejścia w okresach przemian demokratycznych w Polsce i Hiszpanii. Są to: Teatr Ósmego Dnia, La Fura dels Baus i Els Joglars. Tekst udowadnia, że grupy te nie zawsze cieszyły się pozytywnymi wynikami projektu „teatralnego przejścia do demokracji”. Najpierw wprowadziły nowe języki sceniczne, rozliczyły się z przeszłością, aby otworzyć drogi do przyszłości, podsumowały bezpośrednie konsekwencje zmian, zaproponowały nowe paradygmaty czy wartości. Potem pracowały w nowych strukturach, ale zapłaciły znaczną cenę. Ofiarami procesów dekadencji padły: metoda kreacji zbiorowej, wartości solidarności i grupowej pracy artystycznej oraz najwyższa jakość artystyczna.
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