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1
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Excavations in the northern and eastern parts of the Byzantine town at Marea

100%
Derda T., Gwiazda M., Barański T., Pawlikowska-Gwiazda A., Wieczorek D. F.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2020
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vol. 29(2)
551-576
EN
The ‘Marea’ project of the University of Warsaw expanded the program to survey and excavation in the northern and eastern parts of the city in order to establish the character and chronology of the structures there. The eastern waterfront was uncovered, along with the adjacent latrines, streets and buildings which are presumed to be residential. The structures which were examined were very regularly formed and involved large-scale earthworks. They were built no earlier than the mid-6th century AD, and, although their purpose sometimes changed, they remained in use until about the mid-8th century AD. Accumulations of Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic date were discovered, including the oldest remains this season, that is, a row of locally-manufactured amphorae serving an unexplained purpose.
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Analysis of the Greek amphorae discovered in the barrow no. 7 at Crihana Veche (Republic of Moldova)

86%
Mateevici N., Ceban I.
Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization
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2016
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vol. 20
83-101
EN
The article presents an analysis of the amphora material from the excavation of grave no. 2 of the Scythian burial mound no. 7 near the village of Crihana Veche in the Republic of Moldova. In the burial mound of the local aristocrat, which was twice robbed in ancient times, along with the remnants of ornaments, weapons, and other objects used in the funeral ceremony, fragments of Greek amphorae were found (both in the burial and in the grave goods), which belonged to only one Greek center of production – Thasos. More than 27 Thasian amphorae in which expensive wine was brought in, as well as other ritual funerary objects, indicate that the man buried there had a special position in the local hierarchy. Also important for research are five amphora stamps on the handles of the Thasian amphorae, which confirm the dating of amphora fragments and indicate the exact sequence of activity of two Thasian magistrates, which previously did not have a basis of support. This funerary complex is singular for the fact that only Thasian amphorae of the same type were found in the burial (usually Heraclean amphorae were put in Scythian burials), which indicates the uniqueness of this complex in the territory between the Prut and Dniester Rivers, and the north-west Black Sea region as a whole.
3
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Amfory na wino z Hispanii Tarraconensis jako świadectwo handlu w zachodniej części basenu morza śródziemnego od I w. p.n.e. do I połowy II w. n.e.

86%
Góralczyk A.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2015
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issue 11
9-29
PL
During the period of the Republic, the viniculture of the Pyrenean Peninsula supplied wine for the local needs. When Rome had become Empire, wine production grew to a massive scale, which is attested to by numerous discoveries of amphorae from Spain both in Hispania Tarraconensis and other provinces in the western Mediterranean. In the 1st cent. AD, Spanish wine monopolised the market in the region. Towards the end of the 1st cent. AD, agricultural production in Hispania Tarraconensis was reorganised – vine was replaced with cereal. The early 2nd cent. AD saw discontinuation of business in most centres of ceramic production and disappearance of Roman villas whose main profits came from vineyards.
4
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Ceramic patchwork in Hellenistic to Byzantine Phoenicia: regionalization and specialization of vessel production

86%
Wicenciak U.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2016
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vol. 25
619-689
EN
An analysis of pottery production in ancient Phoenicia reveals not only the land division into city-states in Hellenistic times, but also the blending in individual periods of the multifarious cultural influences reaching in from the western coast of Asia Minor, the Aegean, North African coast and Italy. The native Phoenician tradition clearly loses in significance with the arrival of the Romans in the East.
5
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Alexandria: Excavations and preservation work on Kom el-Dikka, seasons 2012 and 2013

86%
Majcherek G.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2015
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vol. 24(1)
29-61
EN
Archaeological research in the 2012 and 2013 seasons was focused on excavations in area U in the northwestern part of the site of Kom el-Dikka in Alexandria. Previously discovered structures of early Roman age continued to be explored. A large forica and other buildings have been found to follow an unusual, strictly geographical orientation, the reason for which has yet to be ascertained. A large group of burials belonging to three successive phases of the early Islamic cemetery (8th–12th century AD) was excavated in the same area. Additional testing in already cleared auditoria T, U and B as well as next to auditorium H helped to verify issues of stratigraphy and chronology of the academic complex to which these auditoria belonged. Preservation work focused mainly on an overhaul of the mosaic shelter (Villa of the Birds), including treatment of mosaic floors. Equally important tasks were the conservation of remains of domestic architecture in area W1N, restoration of a well in the cistern (area L), and finally preservation of auditorium RS.
6
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Pottery finds from hermitage EE.50 in Naqlun. Preliminary assessment of the assemblage

72%
Danys K.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
173-184
EN
Rescue excavations undertaken in hermitage EE.50 in Naqlun in 2016 brought to light an extensive pottery assemblage composed of red-slipped goblets, bowls and plates of Egyptian origin, made of alluvial fabrics, and a few specimens imported from North African workshops. The repertoire of tableware was complemented with qullae made of marl and alluvial clays. Numerous cooking pots, pans and a single lid represent kitchen equipment. Goods were kept in large vessels of different types. Commodities such as wine, olive oil or fish sauce were delivered in amphorae: Egyptian LRA 7 and imported vessels, originating from North Africa (Tunisia), Cilicia, Cyprus and Rhodes(?). This assemblage has revealed some aspects of everyday life in the hermitage and confirmed the independent self-sufficient lifestyle of its inhabitants. The pottery assemblage is from the middle to the end of the 5th century AD.
7
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Selib 3. Pottery from the midden

72%
Cedro A.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
310-328
EN
The paper discusses some preliminary research on pottery from the refuse dump at Selib 3. The assemblage comprised a rich repertoire of tableware, cooking and transport vessels. A striking feature of this collection is the abundance of imported products, some fine ware vessels (plates, small bottles etc.) but mostly amphorae, from Egypt and from the Eastern Mediterranean. The material from Selib 3 represents a homogenous chronological assemblage that can be placed in the 6th and early 7th century AD.
8
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Pottery from Dongola: a stratigraphic assemblage from unit B.I.41

72%
Danys K.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2016
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vol. 25
761-779
EN
The article discusses an assemblage of pottery recovered from unit B.I.41 in the palatial building B.I excavated on the citadel of Dongola in the 2011 and 2012 seasons. Exploration started with the fill of the room, followed by the fill of structures belonging to an earlier building below it. A well dated sequence of layers from the 6th through 7th centuries was identified. The pottery assemblage proved to be very abundant, composed of table vessels, cooking pots, storage and transport containers; the lattermost group included imported examples, mainly from Egypt. Most of the finds represented Dongolan ceramic production from the period in question.
9
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Garum or Grain? Crimea and the Provisioning of Constantinople (7th to 9th centuries)

72%
Curta F.
Studia Ceranea
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2022
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vol. 13
271-286
EN
Historians have relied for too long on written sources (the letters that Pope Martin I wrote from Cherson, as well as De Administrando Imperio) to assess the economic situation in the Crimea, especially in Cherson, during the so-called Dark Ages (7th to 9th centuries). Many still believe that that city could not have survived without shipments of grain from the outside, particularly from the lands along the southern coast of the Black Sea. Seals of Byzantine officials found in Cherson tell a different story, as they indicate commercial exchanges between the Crimea and Constantinople. If the peninsula participated in trade, something must have been offered in exchange for the goods coming from the Capital. The archaeological evidence strongly suggests that during the 8th and 9th centuries, the hinterland of Cherson, as well as the Kerch Peninsula (eastern Crimea) witnessed rapid economic development, largely based on the cultivation of crops. Silos found on several settlement sites, both open and fortified, suggest a surplus, which was most likely commercialized. If so, the closest markets were across the Black Sea, to the south, primarily in Constantinople. Other commodities, such as wine transported in amphorae, traveled in the opposite direction, across the Sea of Azov and into the interior of Khazaria. In exchange, the peninsula received shipments of grain, which were then re-exported to Constantinople. Far from relying on shipments of grain from the Capital, Cherson and the rest of the Crimean Peninsula in fact supplied Constantinople with food. Numerous vats for the production of fish sauce have been found in Cherson, and many were in operation before 900. A good deal of the garum served at tables in Constantinople between the 7th and the 9th century must have come from Cherson. The archaeological evidence therefore calls for a re-assessment of the economic situation in the Crimean Peninsula during the “Dark Ages”.
10
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Deir el-Naqlun 2014–2015. Preliminary report

58%
Godlewski W., Danys K., Maslak S.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2016
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vol. 25
265-288
EN
The complex of the Nekloni monastery in Fayum (Deir el-Naqlun) was explored in yet another three seasons of fieldwork by a team from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology. On the plateau, investigations were carried out in the southern part of Building D (Rooms D.50 and D.41–D.44), northern part of Building E, western part of the 12th–13th-century Cemetery A and Building I. A 6th-century Hermitage EE.06 in the Naqlun hills to the east of the plateau was cleared, yielding a collection of study material, especially pottery from the kitchen unit dated to the second half of the 5th–6th century. The assemblage from the kitchen unit was composed of cooking pots and saucepans; tableware was represented by goblets, plates and bottles (qullae), while storage/ transport vessels mainly by amphorae. Products of Egyptian workshops were mixed with imported wares of North African and Eastern Mediterranean origin (including Cyprus, Cilicia and Gaza).
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