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EN
According to authors opinion irony is one of fundamental ideas giving us one of the ways of thinking of world around us - anthropological thought consideration. Realizing the multiplicity of meanings, polymorphism and inhomogeneous modus operandi by using it notices analogy with every aspect of anthropological recognition - from literal one to methodology and research attitude. Polymorphism of irony is ideal but very hard to use tool, moreover the one which have many ways to operate it. It wouldn´t be misuse if author aligned it with deconstruction, because the similarity is unquestioned though not directly shown in text itself. Such juxtaposition is even more justified if considered with strong philosophic perspective of R. Rorty who had written it in “Final Vocabulary” of postmodernists. The irony can´t be completely defined- being described from centuries it acumulates meanings and attempt of its exact description is pointless - it tends to be equally on same level as deconstruction as well as one above it which may be one of ways to read or construct it.
EN
This article is a critical engagement with D. Stăniloae’s and J. Ratzinger’s ecclesiological thought as shaped by the description of church as the body of Christ and the Trinitarian roots of this ecclesiology. Starting from practical problems of prayer and living a Christian life, the authors argue that God’s relationship to the Christian community has primacy over God’s relationship to individual believers. When one conceives of the Christian community as being the body of Christ, one can uphold the elevated Christian ideal of Eucharist Communio without making it unattainable. The authors show that the being of the church is given to the Christian community not as a possession or property, but as a task to be fulfilled through the power of Christ and of the Holy Spirit. One can discover that in becoming the church, the Christian community is elevated to the Trinitarian life in communion. Communion ecclesiology has the potential to bridge the divide between the Orthodox and Catholic churches.
PL
Dostęp do informacji publicznej stanowi warunek istnienia społeczeństwa obywatelskiego oraz przesłankę istnienia demokratycznego państwa prawa. Jako jedna z form kontroli społecznej dokonywanej przez podmioty zainteresowane informacyjnie, stanowi kategorię służącą ochronie interesu prawnego jednostki. Przedmiotem niniejszej kontroli jest należyte funkcjonowanie podmiotów władzy publicznej i realizowanie zadań służących zaspakajaniu zbiorowych potrzeb obywatelskich wynikających ze współżycia ludzi w społeczeństwie. Co istotne, w ramach szeroko rozumianego pojęcia informacji o sprawach publicznych, zawiera się również kategoria danych o istniejącym prawie, tj. treść jeszcze nieobowiązujących i obowiązujących uregulowań prawnych. A szczegółowe określenie podstaw prawnych, dopuszczalnych form i sposobów jej upublicznienia stanowi przedmiot niniejszego opracowania.
EN
Access to public information is a prerequisite for the existence of civil society and the premise of the existence of a democratic state of law. As one of the forms of social control performed by entities interested in information, it constitutes a category serving to pro- tect the legal interest of the individual. The subject of this control is the proper func- tioning of public authority entities and implementation of tasks aimed at satisfying the collective needs of citizens resulting from the coexistence of people in society. What is important in the context of widely understood notion of public affairs also includes the category of data on existing law, that is the content yet not in force and applicable legal regulations. A detailed indication of the legal basis, the permissible forms and methods of making information public is the subject of this paper.
PL
On June 29, 2018 in Dziennik Urzędowy “Monitor Polski” (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Poland) were published two announcements by the President of the Republic of Poland – from May 24, 2018, on the vacant positions of the judges in the Supreme Court and from May 28, 2018 on the vacant positions of the judge in the Supreme Administrative Court. The obligation to announce the number of vacant judges’ positions is a result of changes in the structure of the Supreme Court introduced by the new law of 8 December 2017 and the obligation to apply these provisions to the judges of the Supreme Administrative Court. The controversy is aroused by the fact that the published announcements were not countersigned – although this competence is not included in the catalog of presidential prerogatives, exempted from the obligation of co-signing by the Prime Minister. The analysis of the constitutional shape of the countersignature and the practice of using by the President of his competences will allow to answer the question whether the President’s announcements require for their validity the signature of the Prime Minister’s or are they exempt from this requirement. In the light of the doctrinal reflections, the recognition of the announcement of the President of the Republic of Poland on vacant judicial positions in the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court may be considered as a derivative or analogous competence to the presidential prerogative of appointing judges. However, this stands in contradiction with the Constitutional Tribunal jurisprudence, which excludes the possibility of a broad interpretation of the constitutional catalog of prerogatives. Nevertheless, due to the informative, non-normative character of the announcements of the President, the issue of qualifying them to the catalog of official acts, for which the countersignature is required, raises reasonable doubts.
XX
Нона Шандроха - Гродна
PL
W artykule omówiono chrześcijańskie kazanie nie tylko jako typ wypowiedzi publicznej o treści religijno-dydaktycznej, ale przede wszystkim jako tekst oratorski i aktywny retoryczny gatunek wypowiedzi. Zwrócono uwagę na środki retoryczne dialogizacji wypowiedzi w tekście kaznodziejskim.
EN
In this article, the sermon is considered not only as a form of public speech and a text of religious and didactic content but primarily as an active oratorical and rhetorical speech genre. A major focus has been placed on rhetorical means of speech dialogization in the text of a sermon.
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