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The Philosophical Points of Pedagogical Thinking within European Tradition and Culture

100%
Kudláčová B.
The New Educational Review
|
2006
|
vol. 10
81-88
EN
The article describes the importance of philosophy and philosophical anthropology for the development and transformation of educational science. It clarifies the process of forming of man within a historical-cultural and social context, the theory of man and theory of man’s picture and it also clarifies the educational theory and praxis. In the second and third part the author talks about changes of specific models of education according to the European tradition and on the other hand she also talks about the essence of education which is permanent and constant. At the end of the paper the author specifies five bases of the contemporary model of education in an integrating Europe.
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Teologiczny i antropologiczny wymiar obrzędów chrzcielnych w Kościele IV wieku

80%
Czyżewski B.
Vox Patrum
|
2015
|
vol. 63
113-127
EN
The Holy Baptism in Church in period of the first centuries was considered as an extra ordinary and important event, both in life of the baptized person, as well as in the entire Church community. Almost exact information on baptism in Church of the 4th century is available in existing documents of empathetical discourses on baptism by four great Fathers of the Church: St. Cyril of Jerusalem, St. John Chrysostom, St. Ambrose of Milan, and Theodor, bishop of Mopsuestia. Thus in this paper I have decided to present only the Baptismal Rites and their theological and anthropological significance. In terms of the mentioned authors’ writings, we can find two parts of the baptismal liturgy where they consist of particular Rites. The first part is devoted to so called the rites preceding a ceremony of baptism, It means to surrender Satan, take off cloths and apply the holy oil before one’s baptism. Another Rite, i.e. taking off clothes of the candidates to be baptized, was significant for the new way of life of a certain human being, and rejection of the old man with his all affairs and matters. Authors of baptismal discourses also paid their attention to application of the holy oil. The second part of Baptismal Rites was related to baptismal immersion itself. First of all, there was the following or­der: to reach the baptismal tank, immerse in waters three times, then leave it and put on the white clothes. The theological interpretation of particular Baptismal Rites in writings of the Church of the 4th century was rather compact. Even in case of some differences available, they were not concerned with the principal aspects, but strictly devoted to the baptism itself in order to understand the ceremony, and all particular order of the Baptismal Rites.
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