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Populism and Its Democratic, Non-Democratic, and Anti-Democratic Potential

100%
Riedel R.
Polish Sociological Review
|
2017
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vol. 199
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issue 3
287-298
EN
The starting point of this paper is the acknowledgement that the DNA of populism is democratic. At the same time, it may bring undemocratic or even counter-democratic consequences when it questions and contests liberalism and pluralism. This paper maps the key arguments on the relations between populism and authoritarianism, and discusses the risk of democratic backsliding as a result of authoritarian populism gaining power. This topic is critically important and growing urgent with the rising wave of populism across the Western world. Due to its chameleonic nature, populism (as a “thin-centered” or “empty-hearted” ideology) manifests itself in various (re)incarnations and intertwines with nationalism, libertarianism, and also radical left-wing ideas or any other ideology from across the wide political spectrum. First, the author reconstructs the historicity of populism as well as the most important ways of defining it. Second, he reflects on the major arguments about the consequences for democracy of populist politics. Finally, in conclusion, he discusses the threat of authoritarianism that populism brings to liberal democracy and democracy as such.
2
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Antyelitarna narracja współczesnej polskiej prawicy

58%
Kulas P.
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
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2018
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vol. 14
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issue 4
14-39
EN
The aim of this article is to analyze the anti-elite narrative of intellectuals related to the Polish right. The author analyzes the contemporary Polish right discourse, mainly after 2015, the criticism of elitism and the dominant strategies aimed at depriving the legitimacy of the mainstream elite of the Third Republic of Poland. The charge of elitism is connected with the accusation of lack of empathy, lack of understanding of societal problems and unrepresentation of its interests. In this way, it becomes an important argument that strengthens the political division for social and political change. In the spirit of critical theory, the author argues that the ultimate goal of anti-elitist articulations is not to lead or even articulate an egalitarian order, but to preserve the social hierarchy and present right-wing intellectulas as the legitimate elite who should replace the former ones.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza antyelitarnej narracji intelektualistów związanych z polską prawicą. Autor analizuje obecną w prawicowym dyskursie, głównie po 2015 roku, krytykę elitaryzmu oraz dominujące strategie, których celem jest pozbawienie legitymizacji tak zwanych elit III RP. Zarzut elitaryzmu jest związany z przypisywaniem braku empatii, niezrozumienia problemów społeczeństwa oraz niereprezentowania jego interesów. Staje się on w ten sposób ważnym argumentem wzmacniającym podział polityczny na rzecz społecznej i politycznej zmiany. W duchu teorii krytycznej autor argumentuje, że ostatecznym celem antyelitarnych artykulacji nie jest zaprowadzenie ani nawet wyartykułowanie egalitarnego ładu, ale zachowanie społecznej hierarchii i przedstawienie samych siebie jako elity prawomocnej, która winna zająć miejsce elity dotychczasowej.
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