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PL
According to anti-pedagogy, any form of upbringing aimed at something or someone only masks the object of the educated, making them essentially puppets, appropriately controlled from without. Any purposeful approach to upbringing appeals to attributes that make the pupil not turn out to be what he/she is, but what his/her educators would want him/her to be. This approach is in direct contradiction to personalistic pedagogy, which posits an ultimate reality and value in personhood by emphasizing the significance, uniqueness and inviolability of the person, as well as the person’s essentially relational or social dimension. By emphasizing the autonomous value of a human being as a person and in propagating this with full affirmation, one is thus postulating that programs of activities supporting its development are to be subordinated to personal and spiritual values, and not to economic and technical values. This article presents the contemporary discourse between anti-pedagogy and the personalistic pedagogy with a special emphasis on Polish authors.
PL
Antypedagogika to rewolucyjne podejście do wychowania dzieci, w którym traktowane są one jak dorośli. Tak samo jak oni ponoszą konsekwencje własnych czynów i doświadczają autoodpowiedzialności. Przeciwieństwem antypedagogiki jest „czarna pedagogika”, która okazuje się być kontrowersyjnym nurtem badań, ponieważ zakłada, iż dzieci powinny być uległe wobec dorosłych. Heinrich Hoffmann w zbiorze wierszy dla dzieci zatytułowanym Złota różdżka, wydanym w 1845 roku, ukazał zasady jej działania. Bohaterami tych przerażających opowieści są dzieci, które spotkała surowa kara za „występki”. Dla współczesnego pedagoga niedopuszczalnym jest stosowanie kar za zachowania, które są typowe dla młodego człowieka. Pedagog, będąc mentorem, powinien wskazać właściwą drogę rozmową, zamiast karać. Summary
EN
Anti-pedagogy is a revolutionary approach to bringing up children, in which they are treated like adults. Just like them, they bear the consequences of their own deeds and experience self-responsibility. The opposite of anti-pedagogy is „black pedagogy”, which turns out to be a controversial current of research, because it assumes that children should be submissive to adults. Heinrich Hoffmann in a collection of poems for children entitled The Golden Wand published in 1845 showed the rules of its operation. The protagonists of these terrifying stories are children who were severely punished for „misdeeds”. It is unacceptable for a contemporary pedagogue to apply penalties for behaviours that are typical of a young man. A pedagogue, being a mentor, should show the right way through conversation, instead of punishing.
EN
In the light of the realist tradition, human life taken integrally, i.e. as a unity of three orders: vegetative, sensitive and rational, constitutes the common good and at the same time the aim and criterion of social life. The life of a hic et nunc man is a common property, as it is an individual aim of each and every individual man, and at the same time of all the people living in a given community. Educating one for implementing the common good is, firstly, transmitting to him, or to her, the knowledge about who a human being is, and about the fact that life of each man of the community is part of the common good of social life; and secondly, it is practicing virtues, or consolidating the disposition to implement the good, first of all the proper good (bonum honestum), but also taking care of the superior goods (bonum utile and bonum delectabile). Personalistic pedagogy points out that existence of the common good is a necessary condition of practicing pedagogy as the theory of education and as practical upbringing. This pedagogy is based on the truth about the human being, and it takes his life (understood integrally) as the common good.
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