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PL
The present article is an attempt at establishing a way of understanding the term evil as well as characterizing all the phenomena the term encompasses in communities of Polish and Russian students. The author analyses the results of a Free Word Association Test on the material of associative dictionaries.
EN
In the initial part of the paper author discusses the essence of value . Various approaches to the definition of value are presented, i.e. psychological, sociological and cultural ones. The most important classifications of values of dichotomous nature are reminded. Against this background the importance of education for formation of social system of values is analysed. Assuming that education is the domain of life which should serve for promotion of value and encourage to internalize them, the author discusses its role in forming social systems of values. In democratic society the choice of values depends on free people decisions. Thus the more important is the role of their awareness level. Consequently, that depends on education of individual person as well as the total society. The higher education level of people, the better are chances for forming their proper attitudes to values.
PL
W początkowej części artykułu autor omawia istotę wartości. Przedstawia sposoby definiowania wartości – ujęcie psychologiczne, socjologiczne i kulturowe. Przypomina najważniejsze podziały wartości o charakterze dychotomicznym. Na tym tle analizuje znaczenie edukacji dla kształtowania społecznego systemu wartości. Wychodząc z założenia, że edukacja jest dziedziną życia, która z założenia ma służyć promowaniu wartości i nakłaniać do internalizowania ich, omawia jej rolę w kształtowaniu społecznego systemu wartości. W demokratycznym społeczeństwie wybór wartości jest kwestią decyzji ludzi wolnych. Tym większa jest rola ich świadomości. Ta zaś zależy od wykształcenia poszczególnych osób i społeczeństwa jako całości. Im wyższy jest poziom wykształcenia ludności, tym większe są szanse kształtowania odpowiednich postaw wobec wartości.
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EN
The article deals with problems of constitutional anti-values. Provisions of the fundamental law refer to such phenomena as totalitarianism, war, crime, hate, intolerance, discrimination, which shall be regarded as constitutional counter-values. Anti-values are opinions (assessments) based on an intellectual and emotional experience of strong disapproval of a particular phenomenon. Their occurrence in social life results in negative consequences, such as injustice, misfortune, harm etc. Counter-values on the other hand are negative assessments of specific facts (social phenomena) included in the fundamental law by the lawmaker. Initially, those elements had been part of the natural law, but presently — similarly to typical (positive) values — they are part of the constitutional axiology. It was not the author’s intention to provide and exhaustive description of all constitutional anti-values, but to present their general definition, systemic role, and the function they serve in a legal order. Furthermore, sources and types of anti-values are presented herein, as well as methods of reconstructing them on the basis of the text of fundamental law.
EN
Statistical reports show that more and more people have a Facebook profile. This online social media service contributes to the establishment of new and maintaining already existing interpersonal relationships. It also enables the users to share information and exchange views. At the same time, Facebook can be used to ridicule and intimidate other people without any consequences, or even with some kind of recognition and respect in their peer group. Consequently, young people who use social media meet with different values and anti-values which shape their identity. The article discusses the Facebook activity of children and youth, with a particular emphasis on the analysis of young people's participation in popular Facebook groups, as well as values and anti-values tracked in their posts.
PL
Z komunikatów statystycznych wynika, iż coraz więcej osób ma konto na portalu społecznościowym Facebook. Portal ten przyczynia się do nawiązania nowych i utrzymania kontaktów interpersonalnych, wymiany informacji i poglądów. Jednocześnie Facebook jest portalem, na którym można publikować treści, które służą ośmieszeniu i poniżaniu innych osób, nie ponosząc za to żadnych konsekwencji, a wręcz przeciwnie zyskując uznanie niektórych użytkowników. W takiej sytuacji młody człowiek w publikowanych tam treściach styka się z różnymi wartościami i antywartościami, a to oddziałuje na kreację jego tożsamości. W opracowaniu scharakteryzowano aktywność dzieci i młodzieży na portalu Facebook, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem analizy uczestnictwa młodych ludzi w popularnych grupach zakładanych na Facebooku oraz wartości i antywartości znajdujących się w publikowanych postach.
PL
Performing tasks in the field of managing local roads is one of the commune’s own tasks. As part of managing these roads, the commune authorities take actions to regulate the legal status of real estate occupied for local roads. This article will introduce examples of such proceedings, which will then allow us to analyze the values of administrative law such as public interest and public good. Due to the relativity of the concepts of values and anti-values, one should also consider the insecurity of the individual related to expropriation proceedings.
EN
The statement (which is accepted in humanistic pedagogy of work) that human work is a value and a sphere in which values become a reality, still calls for interpretation. The author makes such an attempt by outlining the characteristics of human work. The way of presenting human work in axiological and ethical perspective indicates that it is a phenomenon owing to which changes in both man and his environment are taking place. This, in turn, should be used by pedagogy in order to support man in his life-long development.
PL
Przyjęte w humanistycznej pedagogice pracy twierdzenie, że praca człowieka jest wartością i terenem urzeczywistniania wartości, ciągle wymaga interpretacji. Autor artykułu podejmuje takie zadanie, ukazując swoiste cechy pracy ludzkiej. Ukazanie pracy człowieka w perspektywie aksjologicznej i etycznej wskazuje, że jest ona zjawiskiem, dzięki któremu dokonują się przemiany w samym człowieku i w jego środowisku. To zaś powinna wykorzystywać pedagogika do wspomagania człowieka w jego całożyciowym rozwoju.
EN
The article analyses the informative function of statements made by young people under the care of the Voluntary Labour Corps (OHP). These young people come from dysfunctional families and are often marginalised / at risk of marginalisation. These young people (senders) tend to employ short, mono-sentenced statements usually saturated with vulgarisms and have little knowledge of the world. Their utterances reveal the young person’s emotional state, his or her attitude towards the receiver and other members of the community, family environment and social reality. Analysis of senders’ statements sheds light on their level of personal culture, degree of self control, linguistic control, linguistic aggression, and provides insight into the young persons’ values. Assessment of utterances demonstrates a transition from the provision of general information concerning the community to information concerning the young persons’ personal life and positive or negative evaluations of his or her actions. Over time, the flow of information diminishes the distance between the sender and the receiver. The communicative effectiveness of the young persons’ statements increases as does the effectiveness of socializing activities.
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