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Populism and Political Elites

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EN
Contemporary populist movements – outlined as an ideal type (anti-elitism, demagogy, “citizenism”, conspiratorial views, and embrace of simple solutions) – are analysed according to the Weberian approach that focuses on leadership groups: their styles, structures, rhetorics, and the relationship with followers. Populist leaders emerge – and populist movements appear – at the times of rapid social change and the accompanying crises. But they also herald the decline of trust and moderation among the leaders and activists. This decline results in deep divisions and antagonisms within political elites which is reflected in populist styles rhetoric. Populist ascendancy is ac-companied by degeneration of political elites and political decay, that is weakening the core political institutions of the state, rule of law, and democratic.
PL
Współczesne ruchy populistyczne – przedstawione jako typ idealny (antyelityzm, demagogia, „obywatelizm”, spiskowa interpretacja, proste rozwiązania, ekskluzywizm) – są analizowane zgodnie z weberowskim podejściem badawczym oraz agendą badań. Kieruje to uwagę na dominujące orientacje, role przywódców, relacje pomiędzy przywódcami i aktywistami oraz na cykliczny charakter ruchów. Ruchy te pojawiają się w okresach gwałtownych przemian społecznych i towarzyszących im kryzysów. Ich następstwami jest zwolnienie racjonalizacji polityki i cykliczne degeneracje elit politycznych. Prowadzą one do osłabienia głównych instytucji politycznych: państwa, rządów prawa oraz demokratycznych rozliczeń przywódców politycznych.
EN
Contemporary populist movements – outlined as an ideal type (antielitism, demagogy, „citizenism”, conspiracy accounts, simple solutions, exclusivism) – are analysed according to the Weberian approach and research agenda. They focus on dominant orientations, the importance of leadership, relationships between leaders, activists and followers, and – importantly – on the cyclical trajectories of movements. Populist movements erupt at the times of rapid social change and the accompanying crises. They delay rationalisation of politics by causing degeneration of political elites and political „decay”, that is weakening the core political institutions of the state, rule of law, and democratic accountability of political leader
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