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1

„La bataglia per la libertà” — antyfaszystowska opozycja braci Carlo i Nello Rossellich w latach 1926–1937

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Kiwior-Filo M.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2017

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vol. 39

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issue 1

109-122

EN

The opposition activities of the Rosselli brothers, brutally killed on 9 June 1937 in Bagnoles-de-l’Orne, France, by the French cagoualards, were rooted in their deep conviction concerning the necessity of fighting for freedom in fascist Italy, fighting that brought together Italian, Jewish and French anti-fascist circles. This was manifested in numerous initiatives and various kinds of opposition activities undertaken by Carlo Rosselli (b. 1899) — a writer, economist and politician — and his younger brother Sabatino Enrico (b. 1900), known as Nello — a historian and journalist. Their collaboration with the opposition periodicals Noi giovani and Non Mollare, their work in the “L’Italia Libera” society, and, above all, in the social-liberal movement “Giustizia e Libertà”, founded by the Rosellis in August 1929, the political programme of which was based on ideas included in Socialismo liberale published by Carlo, were an attempt to unite all non-communist forces that would be willing to fight together to put an end to the fascist regime. “Giustizia e Libertà” played an important role in sensitising the public, especially outside Italy, to and informing it about the true fascist reality, the image of which was usually distorted by the regime’s propaganda or simply created by it. In Carlo Rosselli’s interpretation, fascism appeared as an anti-freedom and anti-liberal movement, “the most passive product of Italian history”, a manifestation of reaction and not revolution. In an article entitled La lotta per la libertà C. Rosselli concluded that fascism was, in a way, an “autobiography of the nation”. It took root in Italy thanks to some favourable circumstances, among which C. Rosselli listed a lack of moral formation of Italian society and conviction of the masses that they should become involved in political life, but also bias, romantic tastes, petit bourgeois idealism, nationalistic rhetoric, sentimental post-war reaction, and restless desire for “novelty” regardless of what was behind it. Carlo Rosselli saw one of the causes of the “triumph of fascism” in a degeneration of parliamentarism” and “inability to rally society around a constructive programme and create a uniform force” that would be capable of standing up to Mussolini. The contribution of the Rosselli brothers to the fight for freedom — encouragements to become involved, attempts to make people aware of the real problems exposed by fascism in Italian society — is unquestionable. Their intellectual legacy, political engagement and commitment, and anti-fascist opposition certainly deserve to be reflected upon by generations for whom the idea of freedom still remains invaluable.

2

Błąd kategoryczny: antyfaszyzm w dyskursie publicznym i biografice transnarodowej

84%

Wegewitz M.

Studia Litteraria et Historica

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2021

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issue 10

PL

W artykule analizuję niektóre niedawne próby delegitymizacji antyfaszyzmu zarówno jako zjawiska politycznego, jak i przedmiotu badań historycznych. W niemieckich środowiskach akademickich i poza nimi ten „anty-antyfaszyzm” operuje pojęciami komunistycznego skażenia. Aby przeciwstawić się takim narracjom, proponuję szerszą perspektywę historyczną. Bierze ona pod uwagę wielość antyfaszyzmu, jego różne linie ciągłości i doświadczenia jego historycznych przedstawicieli. W szczególności udowadniam to, badając transnarodową biografię holenderskiego dziennikarza Nicolaasa Rosta.

DE

Dieser Essay nimmt einige Versuche aus der jüngsten Zeit in den Blick, Antifaschismus sowohl als politisches Phänomen als auch als Thema geschichtswissenschaftlicher Forschung zu delegitimieren. An deutschen Universitäten und darüber hinaus bemüht dieser „Anti-Antifaschismus“ die Figur der kommunistischen Kontamination. Um solchen Narrativen entgegenzutreten, schlage ich eine breitere historische Perspektive vor. Diese soll die Pluralität des Antifaschismus, seine verschiedenen Kontinuitätslinien und die Erfahrungen seiner historischen Träger/innen in den Blick nehmen. Plastisch mache ich dieses Argument an der transnationalen Biografie des niederländischen Journalisten Nicolaas Rost.

EN

This essay examines some of the recent tendencies to delegitimize antifascism both as a political phenomenon and as a topic of historical research. In German academia and beyond, this “antiantifascist” current operates according to notions of communist contamination. To counter these narratives, I propose to look at the plurality of antifascism, its various continuities and the personal experiences of its historical agents. In particular, I make my case exploring the transnational biography of the Dutch journalist Nicolaas Rost.

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Soviet antifascism as main narrative of the Russian propaganda in hybrid warfare

67%

Prys E.

Polish Journal of Political Science

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2021

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vol. 7

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issue 4

51-71

EN

The myth of the Great Patriotic War which is also known as the Great Fatherland War has always been one of main messages of Russian propaganda on post-Soviet space. Russia combines antifascist rhetoric with manipulating historical facts in order to justify the annexation of Crimea and military intervention in the East of Ukraine. The article describes how the Russian Federation uses the topic of antifascist struggle against Nazi Germany in its aggressive foreign policy against the neighboring countries.

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1 Polish Journal of Political Science

1 Studia Litteraria et Historica

1 Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

1 Kiwior-Filo M.

1 Prys E.

1 Wegewitz M.

2 2021

1 2017

„La bataglia per la libertà” — antyfaszystowska opozycja braci Carlo i Nello Rossellich w latach 1926–1937

Błąd kategoryczny: antyfaszyzm w dyskursie publicznym i biografice transnarodowej

Soviet antifascism as main narrative of the Russian propaganda in hybrid warfare