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EN
The purpose of the paper is to analyse film topographies of Gdańsk and investigate the motifs connected with sea and water. I intend to ask myself some questions concerning the ways in which film makers develop aquatic motifs and use waterside location, to what extent film scenery – with water as the dominant element – recreates and creates “the meaning of place”. I treat the sea and water as images and film locations with certain aesthetic, economical and cultural functions. The methodological basis is cultural geography and discovering the relationship film–city–region, film–real and symbolic space, as well as visual anthropology, which makes it possible to capture the methods of coding signs on the screen, pointing to explicit and implicit ideologies, and cultural meanings, constructed in the process of sender–recipient activities. Research material includes selected Polish feature films: Wolne miasto, directed by Stanisław Różewicz (1958); Do widzenia, do jutra, directed by Janusz Morgenstern (1960); Człowiek z żelaza, directed by Andrzej Wajda (1981); Wróżby kumaka, directed by Robert Gliński (2005); Miasto z morza, directed by Andrzej Kotkowski (2009), and others.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza filmowych topografii Gdańska i prześledzenie obecnych w nich wątków związanych z morzem i wodą. Chcę sobie zadać pytania dotyczące tego, w jaki sposób filmowcy rozwijają motywy akwatyczne i jak wykorzystują plenery nadwodne, na ile krajobraz filmowy z dominującą rolą wody odtwarza i kreuje „sens miejsca”. Morze i woda są przeze mnie traktowane jako obrazy i jako plenery filmowe o określonych funkcjach estetycznych, ekonomicznych i kulturowych. Podstawą metodologiczną jest geografia kulturowa i odkrywanie relacji film – miasto – region, film – realna i symboliczna przestrzeń oraz antropologia wizualna pozwalająca uchwycić sposoby kodowania znaków na ekranie, wskazujące na jawne i ukryte ideologie oraz znaczenia kulturowe konstruowane w toku czynności nadawczo-odbiorczych. Materiałem badawczym są wybrane filmy fabularne kina polskiego: Wolne miasto, reż. Stanisław Różewicz (1958); Do widzenia, do jutra, reż. Janusz Morgenstern (1960); Człowiek z żelaza, reż. Andrzej Wajda (1981); Wróżby kumaka, reż. Robert Gliński (2005); Miasto z morza, reż. Andrzej Kotkowski (2009), i inne.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza cyklu fotografi i Pawła Żaka pt. Bliski znajomy, a dzięki temu odkrycie również istoty fotografii i jako fenomenu kulturowego. P. Żak jest artystą, któremu dokumentalizm fotografi i nie wystarcza, używa więc metafory zwierciadła do ukazania gry, jaka toczy się między osobą i jej lustrzanym odbiciem, a także między poszczególnymi zdjęciami. Cały cykl z 2004 r. stanowi metaforę wewnętrznego dialogu człowieka z samym sobą, opowieść o ludziach w ogóle, a także o artyście i jego narzędziu – fotografii.
EN
The aim of this article is commentary on Paweł Żak’s photographic series entitled A Close Acquaintance and, through this, to reveal the essence of photography as a cultural phenomenon. Paweł Żak is an artist, for whom the documentary character of photography is not sufficient. He uses the mirror as a a metaphor to show the game between the person and his mirrored image, as in the case of photographs. All series constitute a parable of an internal dialogue of the human with himself. They constitute a story about both a man in general, and about the artist and his tool, photography.
EN
Photography emerging from the documentary tradition has continued to evolve over the recent years, nearing the scientific practices applied in the study of the social and community-based dimensions of culture. Photographers conduct experiments in the social space, reflect on the interactions and dependencies that they intentionally create, and construct languages of communication subordinated to the interpersonal relationships in which they operate. As authors of their art-based research, they are in charge of both methodology of analysis (by adapting the tools employed by the humanities and social sciences) and the ways in which their results are presented and included in the social mainstream as artistic interventions, collective practices, and photography publications. Given that the latter are the subject of this article, it focuses on three selected publications and identifies engagement as a central category for methods used by artists to establish a relationship with the studied social reality, influence it, and create knowledge about it. Engagement, in both its versions – as an attempt to have an impact on the studied social reality and as a method of intentional relationship building within a community, carries a significant learning potential, allowing us to look anew at the role of photography in qualitative social research.
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