Mikhail Chekhov left several documents of his work on the role of Don Quixote, the best-known being the Meditation on Don Quixote (1926) and The Quixote Journal (1928). The planned premiere at the Moscow Art Theatre II never took place, and Chekhov did not play this part either in Russia or in exile. This article interprets the actor’s remarks about the knight in the context of anthroposophy, which at that time inspired both Chekhov’s work on the role and his spiritual development. Consulting archival material, including the transcripts of discussions about the planned staging and the actor’s correspondence with one of the authors of the first adaptation of the novel, Nadezhda Pavlovich, provides insight into Chekhov’s seemingly paradoxical perception of the figure of Don Quixote. The actor saw him as a “Luciferian” character and was critical of his idealism. The juxtaposition of Chekhov’s views with those of Bolshevik activists explains why he was ready to endorse the censorship-imposed interpretation of Cervantes’s novel, and at the same time reveals the actual motivations of his own reading. The reason for the actor’s failure in struggling with the role of Quixote was the incompatibility between his vision and Cervantes’s text, which made it impossible to create a satisfactory adaptation. His work on the role of Quixote can be treated as a stage in Chekhov’s development at a time when he was inspired by the teachings of Rudolf Steiner.
According to aesthetic theories of Russian symbolist A. Belyj every real art is in its deepest essence a symbolic one, it represents an organic connection of two orders – phenomena of the inner world and the living consciousness. The connection is thus the union of the inner and outer world. Its sense can be unveiled in metaphysics and mystic, the indexes of the way to a complex re-structuring of the human being and discovering new forms of existence. Consequently Belyj understands the symbol as the interaction of its three parts: 1) as a picture of the visible reality, causing certain emotions in our consciousness, 2) as an allegory expressing the ideological meaning of the picture (the philosophical, religious and social meaning) and 3) as an appeal to the creation of the real life. Together with Wagner and Nietzsche, Belyj can see the essential ideals of the culture in antique mystery dramatic art that represented the primary interconnection of all the art forms. Heading to the complex renaissance of the culture he concentrates on the phenomenon of the word – the essential base, „key for unlocking the world”. The essence of the symbolic expression consists of the words, through those the creative human strives to express his inexpressible impressions in a logical way. The living speech is thus always certain „music of inexpressible”. The creative word constitutes new, „third world” – „the world of the sound symbols”. The relationships between the sounds and evolution of the Cosmos is formulated in another essay „Глоссолалия– поэма о звуке” (1922).
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