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Apple's iPad was launched in 2010. It was the beginning of a new technological dimension to organize and share information, but also of getting acquainted with electronic documents. An increasing number of applications, which are dedicated to this device, as well as a kind of leadership in the market of tablets, causes that there is an ever-expanding range of applicability of the iPad as a useful tool for communication, but also for science and education. The article analyzed the possibility of using this device. Moreover, the author describes pilot projects in which researches investigated how the iPad can enhance teaching and learning.
EN
The perception of reality by social ecologists has its source in the life sciences and refersto the organicist theory in sociology. Proponents of this school assumed that, in humancommunities, creating a definite relationship between biotic and rather more intangibleaspects of the social system is secondary to the influence exercised by material conditions. Social ecology focuses on the way in which patterns of social relations are created bygroup who are adapting to new environments. This approach led to Robert Park’s naturalisticattitude and and to him and his followers exploring the development of Americancities. Park proposed that the development of the city itself is the cause of social changewhich is taking place, as well as of its pathological side-effects. Examining towns whichwere growing dynamically, the researchers themselves were involved in hostile conflictsset in an environment characterised by the survival of the fittest. Social ecologists havepostulated this approach as the naturalistic vision in social research. They saw the needfor becoming engaged in the community in order to know the context of its activities andthey were convinced that this was the best way of understanding and explaining humanbehavior. Despite the explicit criticism from anti-naturalistic sociologists, I argue that theproposed pattern of sociology generated significant results and has a practical continuationto the present day.
EN
The notion of Human Security entered the most prominent international agenda in 1994. The moment could not be more conducive to the debate on human issues to broadly shift the debate towards security issues, and to include another safety approach. Admittedly, the early 1990s were largely marked by the end of the Cold War, which put a stop to the high level of insecurity between the states. At that time, although there were still tensions between states and intra-state units, there were populations in distress that had been neglected for a long time. The primary goal of this paper is to scrutinise a variety of official documents issued by the United Nations regarding human security, and, as part of the overriding objective of the research conducted, to look at the concept of Human Security and its applicability.
PL
Pojęcie human security weszło do agendy międzynarodowej w 1994 r. Moment nie mógł być bardziej sprzyjający dla przesunięcia debaty na temat spraw ludzkich w stronę problematyki bezpieczeństwa i uwzględnienia innego podejścia do bezpieczeństwa. Należy przyznać, że wczesne lata 90. były w dużej mierze naznaczone końcem zimnej wojny, co położyło kres wysokiemu poziomowi niepewności między państwami. W tym czasie, chociaż nadal istniały napięcia między państwami i jednostkami wewnątrzpaństwowymi, były populacje zaniedbywane przez długi czas w kwestiach bezpieczeństwa. Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza różnorodnych oficjalnych dokumentów wydanych przez ONZ dotyczących human security oraz, w ramach nadrzędnego celu prowadzonych badań, przyjrzenie się koncepcji human security i jej zastosowaniu.
EN
In the article, concrete examples acknowledge that formal logic can be useful in the work of a lawyer-canonist. Formal correctness is also analysed with several inferences conducted on a basis of canons, using an apparatus of classical propositional calculus and syllogistic, and also selected non-classical logics such as, for example, tense logic, chronological logic, and place logic  
PL
Przykłady zaprezentowane w artykule pozwalają wyrazić przekonanie, że znajomość logiki formalnej może być przydatna w pracy myślowej prawnika kanonisty, zwłaszcza wtedy, gdy nie ma on pewności, czy wyprowadzony przez niego wniosek wynika logicznie z przesłanek. Przeanalizowano formalną poprawność kilku wnioskowań przeprowadzonych w oparciu o kanony, przy użyciu aparatury klasycznego rachunku zdań i sylogistyki, a także wybranych logik nieklasycznych, takich jak np. logika tensalna, logika chronologiczna i logika miejsca  
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