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EN
In 2019, MIT Press published the book Dimensionism: Modern Art in the Age of Einstein, comprising texts by a collective of authors, to accompany the eponymous exhibition organised by the Mead Art Museum and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The exhibition was an attempt to explore the ways in which modern art has been influenced by scientific advances. The main concept was based on the analysis and reflections contained in The Dimensionist Manifesto published in Paris in 1936 by the Hungarian poet Károly Tamkó Sirató (1905–1980), who, for a while, successfully brought together some surrealist authors and artists with members of the recently dissolved Abstraction- Création group. Sirató and his colleagues believed that corresponding advances in perception should take place on the basis of reflections about Einstein’s theory and Minkowski’s formulation of space-time. Although the term ‘dimensionism’ never appears directly in František Kalivoda’s texts, it is still possible to consider this architect and journalist from Brno as one of the very few individuals in inter-war Czechoslovakia who had close links to Sirató’s manifesto, just on the basis of Kalivoda’s intensive contact with László Moholy-Nagy. The collection of Kalivoda’s extensive correspondence even includes a letter sent by Sirató himself, so there can be no doubt but that Sirató was familiar with Kalivoda’s concept. Although in the second half of the 1930s Kalivoda was extremely busy as the secretary of the Eastern Section of the International Congress of Modern Architecture (CIAM-Ost), in 1937 he published a noteworthy article in Výtvarná výchova (Art Education) magazine entitled ‘New Stimuli for Optophonetic Works’. In the title he used the term ‘optophonetics’, which was introduced in the artistic environment by the Austrian experimenter and ‘Dadasoph’ Raoul Hausmann. In 1937, Hausmann moved from Switzerland to Prague, and began to correspond regularly with Kalivoda. This article takes a look at their mutual contacts, and also examines the extent to which Hausmann’s ideas influenced the young František Kalivoda.
CS
V roce 2019 vydalo nakladatelství MIT Press publikaci kolektivu autorů doprovázející stejnojmennou výstavu uspořádanou Mead Art Museum a Massachusetts Institute of Technology s názvem Dimensionism — Modern Art in the age of Einstein. Výstava se zabývala otázkou, jakým způsobem bylo moderní umění ovlivňováno pokroky ve vědě. Stěžejní koncept vycházel z analýzy a reflexe Manifestu Dimensionismu publikovaného v Paříži roku 1936 maďarským básníkem Karolym Tamkó Sirató (1905–1980), kterému se na chvíli podařilo propojit některé surrealistické literáty a výtvarníky s členy nedávno rozpuštěné skupiny Abstraction-Création. Sirató a jeho spolupracovníci věřili, že odpovídající pokrok ve vnímání by měl probíhat v důsledku reflexe Einsteinových teorií a Minkowského formulace časoprostoru. Ačkoliv se termín „dimensionismus“ v textech Františka Kalivody přímo neobjevuje, mohli bychom brněnského architekta a publicistu pokládat za jednu z mála osobností meziválečného Československa, která měla k tomuto manifestu blízko, už vzhledem k intenzivním kontaktům s László Moholy-Nagyem. V rozsáhlé Kalivodově korespondenci se dokonce vyskytuje dopis přímo od Karola Sirató, takže není pochyb o tom, že jeho koncepci znal. Přestože byl Kalivoda v druhé polovině třicátých let extrémně vytížený funkcí sekretáře východní sekce Mezinárodních kongresů architektury (CIAM-Ost), publikoval v časopise Výtvarná výchova pozoruhodný text „Nové podněty pro optofonetickou tvorbu“ (1937). V názvu textu použil termín „optofonetika“, který do uměleckého prostředí avantgardy vnesl rakouský experimentátor a „dadasof “ Raoul Hausmann. Ten se v roce 1937 přesunul ze Švýcarska do Prahy a zahájil s Kalivodou pravidelnou korespondenci. Text věnuje pozornost jejich vzájemným kontaktům a zabývá se otázkou, jak velký vliv měly Hausmannovy myšlenky na mladého Františka Kalivodu.
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EN
Three drawings have recently been found in a vicarage in Melide (Switzerland) on the shore of Lake Lugano, in an archive together with many miscellaneous and qualitatively diverse drawings and prints. We propose that these three drawings should be attributed to Filiberto Lucchese (Melide 1606 — Vienna 1666), a key figure in architecture in Central Europe around the mid-17th century. The first drawing, which an architect created in free hand without preliminary under-drawing underneath or outlining, show a longitudinal crosssection through a covered hall two storeys high with twelve window openings set one above another on six axes. The drawing is a design for the stucco decoration of the hall, in which we can observe a variability of the decoration of the window jambs and suprafenestras above the first row of windows, with the deployment of a range of different architectonic and vegetative elements, busts, cartouches with curling stucco decor or just simple geometric framing. This variety in the approach to the treatment of decoration on a single wall adds dynamics and rhythm to this spontaneous and high-quality drawing, but also indicates that it was not a definitive design intended for stucco masters to realise. It was probably meant by the architect either just for himself, as a way of clarifying the most suitable system of decor, or as a basis for discussion with the commissioner on which decorative system to choose. By contrast the second and third drawings, which show stucco decoration for the vault of one salon and detail for the realisation of stucco in another different room, are made with great precision and must have served as definitive models for stucco artists. A family emblem in the form of a watermark on the paper of the third drawing has enabled us to identify the commissioner as Karl Eusebius Prince of Liechtenstein (1611–1684). This finding then led to the hypothesis that at the least the first drawing was a design for the interior of the main hall of the Liechtenstein Chateau in Úsov, but we do not know whether Lucchese and his colleagues ever actually realised the decoration of the interiors of the Úsov Chateau. The text offers a stylistic comparison of the drawings from Melide with the decorative systems of other buildings realised by Filiberto Lucchese and his team, specifically the chateau in Červený Kameň and in Holešov.
CS
Na faře v Melide (Švýcarsko) na břehu Luganského jezera se dochovaly ve složce s řadou nesourodých a kvalitativně rozmanitých kreseb a grafických listů tři kresby, které v tomto textu navrhujeme připsat Filibertu Lucchesemu (Melide 1606 — Wien 1666), klíčové osobě architektury ve střední Evropě kolem poloviny 17. století. První kresba, již architekt vytvořil volnou rukou bez předchozích podkreslení či podrýsování, znázorňuje podélný řez zastřešeným dvoupatrovým sálem s dvanácti okenními otvory umístěnými nad sebou v šesti osách. Kresba představuje návrh štukové dekorace sálu, přitom můžeme pozorovat variabilitu výzdoby okenních ostění a suprafenester nad první řadou oken pomocí různých architektonických a vegetativních prvků, bust, kartuší se zavíjeným štukovým dekorem nebo jen jednoduchým geometrickým rámováním. Tato rozrůzněnost v přístupu pojednání dekorací na jedné stěně, jež této spontánní a vysoce kvalitní kresbě dodává na dynamice a rytmu, nám umožňuje vyvodit, že práce nepředstavuje definitivní návrh k realizaci určený pro výkonné štukatéry. Práce mohla spíš sloužit buď pro architekta samotného, jenž si její pomocí ujasňoval nejvhodnější systém výzdoby, anebo jako podklad pro diskusi architekta s objednavatelem při rozhodování, jaký výzdobný systém zvolit. Oproti tomu druhá a třetí kresba, jež znázorňují štukové dekorace na klenbě jednoho sálu a detail pro realizaci štuku v neznámé jiné místnosti, jsou vyvedeny s velkou precizností a sloužily jako definitivní zadání pro štukatéry. Rodový erb v podobě vodoznaku na papíře třetí kresby umožnil identifikovat osobu objednavatele, kterým byl Karel Eusebius kníže Liechtenstein (1611–1684). Díky tomuto zjištění se následně podařilo určit, že přinejmenším první kresba představovala návrh výzdoby interiéru hlavního sálu liechtensteinského zámku v Úsově. Nelze však určit, zda Lucchese a jeho spolupracovníci realizovali výzdobu interiérů úsovského zámku. Text přináší stylistické srovnání návrhů z Melide s výzdobnými systémy jiných staveb, jež realizoval Filiberto Lucchese se svými spolupracovníky, zejména zámků v Červeném Kameni a v Holešově.
EN
A creator, usually a construction or landscape architect, needs talent of his or her own as well as creative inhabitants and cities open to evolution in order to materialize his or her ideas. The interest of our society in an author’s act remains limited. This article looks from various points of view at authorship featuring uniqueness and artistic expression. It deals with the creation of urban space, possible sources of inspiration, and facts affecting the process of creation.
CS
Tvůrce, zpravidla stavební či krajinářský architekt, potřebuje k realizaci svých počinů ve veřejném prostoru nejen vlastní talent, ale také kreativní obyvatele a města otevřená vývoji. Zájem naší společnosti vůči autorským počinům je u nás stále velmi omezený. Tento text se snaží přiblížit ono autorství nesoucí s sebou jedinečnost a umělecký výraz z mnoha úhlů pohledů. Dále se zabývá utvářením městského prostředí a možnými inspiračními zdroji či skutečnostmi, které celý proces tvorby ovlivňují.
EN
Agnieszka Kurkowska in the article Creativity – crossing disciplines. The analysis of the author's attitude refers to the issue of moving the knowledge and skills of an individual creator in various areas. The problem of the impossibility of narrow treatment of architecture as a strictly engineering discipline is outlined. An architect is involved in the surrounding spatial problems, their physical and non-physical aspects. In his statements he reaches areas related to architecture in order to strengthen and enrich these statement. The following work attempts to prove the thesis that the author's attitude analyzed here: showing the necessity to transgress disciplines in architectural design. It has shown, based on a case study, how moving beyond strict engineering can enrich an architect's designs and enhance the possibility of their impact. The designs selected for the presented analysis include designs of architectural objects, landscaping designs, furniture, utility items and interiors. They are also artistic projects using painting, graphics, sculpture, photography or spatial installation, as well as book publications. Another category are educational projects focused on series of workshop activities, educational materials, and participatory events. All the examples are linked by the person of the author, who moves in the area of several disciplines in his work, which in a time perspective shows a complete, multi-element attitude towards space, people using it and objects filling it. The aforementioned attitude contains several important components which, in certain cases, transfer it to specific tasks and related social and professional roles. Thus, an architect is sometimes a creator when he uses the tools of artistic expression, creating individual, unique objects on a different scale, simultaneously operating in the field of art and engineering. He can also be a scientist or researcher analyzing, deepening, searching, and verifying the adopted solutions. Sometimes he becomes a pedagogue or educator when he focuses his activities on transferring knowledge or strengthening the awareness of his activities’ addressees. Above all, however, an architect remains a person with a specific mental and physical structure, being a personal element of the community. An architect is an author who transcends various disciplines in his work, the necessity and purposefulness of which are to be proved by the presented analyzes and the case study supporting them.
EN
The article contains a comparative analysis of Italian diary (1781) by Nikolay Lvov and Diary of the journey to France and Italy (1784–86) by August Fryderyk Moszynski. Both travellers were architects of the Enlightenment period. In Italy they were interested first of all in architecture (especially of the churches) and the fine arts (especially painting). The route of their journey proceeded, among others, through Livorno, Rome, Pisa and Florence. In the diaries of Lvov and Moszynski there are, among others, descriptions of the hospital in Livorno, churches in Rome and Florence and The Leaning Tower of Pisa.
PL
The article contains a comparative analysis of Italian diary (1781) by Nikolay Lvov and Diary of the journey to France and Italy (1784–86) by August Fryderyk Moszynski. Both travellers were architects of the Enlightenment period. In Italy they were interested first of all in architecture (especially of the churches) and the fine arts (especially painting). The route of their journey proceeded, among others, through Livorno, Rome, Pisa and Florence. In the diaries of Lvov and Moszynski there are, among others, descriptions of the hospital in Livorno, churches in Rome and Florence and The Leaning Tower of Pisa.
PL
Przedstawiona w artykule analiza jest częścią badań dotyczących kultury profesjonalnej architektów. Są to badania jakościowe prowadzone w nurcie teorii ugruntowanej. W pierwszej części artykułu opisano metodologię badań, w której przypadku głównym narzędziem badawczym był wywiad swobodny mało ukierunkowany. W drugiej części przytoczono wypowiedzi architektów opisujące określenie „projekt” i „projekt zakończony sukcesem” oraz dokonano krótkiego przeglądu literatury dotyczącej tych dwóch zagadnień. Przedstawiony fragment badania dowodzi, że projekt zakończony w zaplanowanym czasie, zrealizowany w zamierzonym budżecie i przy spełnieniu założonych wymagań niekoniecznie jest dla architektów równoznaczny z projektem zakończonym sukcesem. W końcowej części artykułu na podstawie wypowiedzi badanych i wybranego modelu teoretycznego zaproponowano nowy obraz sukcesu projektu, uwzględniający oddziaływanie projektu na interesariuszy, klienta i architekta.
EN
This paper is a part of research on the professional culture of architects. These are qualitative research based on the grounded theory. In the first part, the article describes the research methodology, where the main research tool was a unstructured interview. The second part presents the architects‘ perception of the term project and successful project and a brief review of the literature on these two issues. This research part presented shows that project completed on the scheduled time, on the intended budget and fullfilling the set requirements is not necessarily successful, according to the architects. In the final part of the article, on the basis of statements examined and the theoretical model proposed, a new picture of the project success was suggested, taking into account the impact of the project stakeholders, the client and the architect.
EN
The article presents an outline of one of the most enigmatic artists of Wilno Baroque, Jan Walenty Tobiasz Dyderszteyn (Dittrichstein, Dietirchstein); it collects trace sources testifying to his biography and attempts at identifying the features of his individual style.
PL
Artykuł porusza kwestię relacji zachodzących pomiędzy deweloperem i architektem – podmiotami gospodarczymi współdziałającymi w celu zrealizowania inwestycji mieszkaniowej. Artykuł charakteryzuje zadania obu podmiotów i opisuje trzy funkcjonujące modele współdziałania: dwa z nich charakteryzuje brak równowagi w relacji oraz nastawienie na realizację celów indywidualnych, w trzecim modelu pojawia się cel wspólny, jakim jest długoterminowy efekt inwestycji. W artykule opisano potencjalne obszary konfliktowe oraz uwarunkowania pozwalające na wdrożenie modelu współpracy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zaufania jako wartości kluczowej.
EN
The article focuses on the issue of relations between the developer and the architect – business entities cooperating in order to realize residential investment. The paper characterizes tasks of both entities and describes the three functioning models of cooperation: two of them are characterized by an imbalance in the relationship and focus on individual objectives, the third model needs a goal shared by both parts of the relation, which is a long-term investment. The article describes the areas of potential conflict and necessary conditions to implement a model of cooperation, with particular emphasis on trust as a key value.
PL
Postępowanie z zabytkami pozostaje w ścisłym związku z przemianami cywilizacyjnymi i pozakonserwatorskimi uwarunkowaniami społeczno-gospodarczymi. Przemiany w ostatnim półwieczu wymagają korekt w systemie ochrony zabytków w Polsce uwzględniających ochronę ich wartości kulturowych z dostosowaniem do współczesnych wymogów użytkowych. Te dwa cele trudne są do pogodzenia. Ilustrują to koncepcje architektoniczne – np. zabudowy cytadeli Twierdzy Modlin czy Twierdzy Kłodzko. Podstawą optymalizacji projektów zagospodarowania historycznych obiektów i zespołów zabytkowych jest metoda ich ewaluacji pozwalająca różnicować atrybuty wartości w odniesieniu do ich materialnych nośników, a w efekcie rygory ochrony i dopuszczalne przekształcenia modernizacyjne obiektów i ich elementów strukturalnych. Treścią artykułu są próby opracowania modelu wartościowania zabytków architektury zintegrowanego z warsztatem projektowym.
EN
Dealing with architectural monuments is closely related to the evolution of civilization and socio-economic determinants exceeding far beyond the criteria of conservation. Transformations of the last half-century requires adjustments in the system of protection of monuments in Poland, taking into account the protection of their cultural values in the process of adaptation to modern usage. These two goals are difficult to reconcile. This is illustrated for example by architectural concepts – such as the new development of the Citadel of the Modlin Fortress or the Kłodzko Fortress. The basis for the optimization of projects for the development of historical objects and complexes is the method of their evaluation. Such a method allows to differentiate the attributes of value in relation to their material carriers, and as a result, the protection regimes and permissible modernization transformations of objects and their structural elements. The content of the article summarizes the attempts to develop a model for valuing architectural monuments integrated with the design practice.
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MAREK DZIEKOŃSKI – ARCHITEKT

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PL
W artykule przedstawiono sylwetkę Marka Dziekońskiego, w kontekście rozważań teoretycznych profesorów Wejchertów nad rolą i zadaniami, które stoją przed architektem. Zaprezentowano życiorys zawodowy i wybrane realizacje z miasta Tychy, a także z najważniejszą dla twórcy wrocławską Panoramą Racławicką.
EN
The article presents Marek Dziekoński’s silhouette, in the context of theoretical considerations made by professor Wejchert,idea of the role and tasks that the architect faces. A professional biography and selected architectural realizations inTychy, with the most important for the architect, object of Panorama Racławicka in Wroclaw.
EN
Sir Roger Scruton disapproved of the changes to urban space initiated by modernism in the 20th century. In his writings on aesthetics, his journalism, and his social activism, he consistently argued for restoring the ‘real’ city, in which the community of inhabitants decides. This text aims to trace Scruton’s argument and use it to explain the spatial chaos in Poland. From Scruton’s multifaceted work, I limited myself to three elements related to the critique of modernism, the architect’s role and the problem of the city’s identity and its inhabitants. This was to show a conservative way to change the situation in the city. This conservative remedial programme consists of giving the city back to the community of inhabitants, rebuilding public space (treated as a common good) and insisting on certain norms which, in the interest of the community, will limit the laissez-faire approach to space, are fundamental issues whose implementation can influence the variation of Polish space.
PL
Sir Roger Scruton nie aprobował zmian w przestrzeni miast, które zapoczątkowane zostały w XX wieku przez modernizm. W swych pismach z zakresu estetyki, w publicystyce i działalności społecznej konsekwentnie upominał się o przywrócenie „prawdziwego” miasta, w którym decyduje wspólnota mieszkańców. Celem tekstu jest prześledzenie jego argumentacji i wykorzystanie jej do wyjaśnienia chaosu przestrzennego w Polsce. Z wielowątkowej twórczości Scrutona ograniczyłem się do trzech elementów związanych z krytyką modernizmu, rolą architekta i problemem tożsamości miasta i jego mieszkańców. Miało to doprowadzić do pokazania konserwatywnej recepty na odmianę sytuacji w mieście. Polega ona na oddaniu miasta wspólnocie mieszkańców, odbudowie przestrzeni publicznej (traktowanej jako dobro wspólne) i upomnienie się o pewne normy, które w interesie wspólnoty ograniczą leseferystyczne podejście do przestrzeni – to zasadnicze kwestie, których realizacja może wpłynąć na odmianę polskiej przestrzeni.
EN
As a result of the destructions in the period 1939-1945, as well as dismantlements, modifications and reconstructions in the following years, little of the Warsaw tenement buildings from early 20th century has survived until the present. Moreover, the tenements which have survived have been subject to significant modifications. Another serious difficulty in the research and examination of Warsaw architecture from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are the limitations in the scope of both quality and availability of original design files, as well as illustrative materials from the period before 1939. In this context, the files from the Capital City Reconstruction Office are the only source of information on certain non-existing tenement houses. An important role in creating Warsaw tenement architecture at the beginning of the 20th century was played primarily by young architects, graduates of foreign technical schools of higher education, prepared excellently for changes in the profession as well as in the investment process. The most renowned architects from the point of view of the number and sizes of erected tenement houses, the quality of their architecture, as well as the number of modern construction and technical solutions employed were Henryk Stifelman (working together with Stanisław Weiss), as well as Wacław Heppen (working together with Józef Napoleon Czerwiński). In spite of employing modern technical solutions, some of the tenement houses erected by the two partnerships were destroyed in the years 1939-1945 and other were modified significantly in the following years. In many cases, the architecture and technical solutions of either non-existing or substantially modified tenement houses designed by the partnerships of Stifelman-Weiss and Heppen-Czerwiński had not been properly documented before 1939. An important and, in many cases, the only source of knowledge about non-existing tenement houses are documents collected in the Archives of the Capital City Reconstruction Office, as well as in the Archives Department of the Administrative Bureau of the Municipal Office of the Capital City of Warsaw. The documents collected in the files of the Capital City Reconstruction Office consist of the general part, containing maps, diagrams and basic information on the state of preservation of individual buildings, as well as the detailed one, in many cases containing the measurements of the preserved structure, correspondence, letters, photographs, cost estimates, orders and other, more detailed information. In many cases, the detailed part makes it possible to learn about the architecture of the tenement houses, their supporting structure, certain systems used in the interior, sizes and shapes of individual building elements, like, among others, cornices, bays, balconies, walls or openings, as well as determining formal reasons for dismantling or modification. In consideration of the total destruction of the original design documentation, lack of detailed examination of the buildings from the early 20th century before 1939, as well as a limited number and scope of the available illustrative material, the documentation forming the archives of the Capital City Reconstruction Office is, in many cases, considered to be a fundamental or the most important source of information about the unpreserved Warsaw tenement houses, including the tenement houses designed by the architectural and building partnerships of Henryk Stifelman with Stanisław Weiss and of Wacław Heppen with Józef Napoleon Czerwiński.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje sylwetkę i twórczość Arthura Edwarda Gurneya (1875-1947), brytyjskiego architekta i budowniczego czynnego w Warszawie na początku XX w., którego dokonania nie doczekały się do tej pory pogłębionych badań. Przedstawiono pochodzenie i wykształcenie architekta, jego działalność społeczną i publicystyczną, a przede wszystkim zawodową. Gurney miał udział w powstaniu ważnych obiektów w Warszawie i na dawnych ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej pod zaborem rosyjskim. Wśród najważniejszych inwestycji można wymienić wieżowiec firmy „Cedergren” w Warszawie, Bibliotekę Publiczną w Warszawie czy kolonię domków dla służby folwarcznej w Fabiankach. Gurney był zaprzyjaźniony i związany zawodowo z Bronisławem Brochwicz-Rogóyskim; charakterystyczne dla jego twórczości było wykorzystanie motywów zaczerpniętych ze średniowiecznej architektury warowno-obronnej, znajdował się też pod wpływem ruchu Arts and Crafts. Działalność publicystyczna Gurneya przyczyniła się do popularyzacji wiedzy o polskiej historii i kulturze za granicą.
EN
The article presents the profile and work of Arthur Edward Gurney (1875-1947), a British architect and constructor active in Warsaw in the beginning of the 20th century whose achievements have not been subject to any deepened research so far. The article presents the origin and educational background of this architect, his social and journalistic activity, and most of all, the professional one. Gurney contributed to creation of many important buildings in Warsaw and on the former territory of the Polish Republic under Russian rule. Among the most im¬portant investments, we can name the skyscraper of “Cedergren” company in Warsaw, the Public Library in Warsaw or the colony of houses for farm servants in Fabianki. Gurney was befriended with and professionally associated with Bronisław Brochwicz-Rogóyski; a distinctive feature of his work was the use of motifs inspired by medieval stronghold and defence architecture, he was also under influence of Arts and Crafts movement. The journalistic activity of Gurney contributed to popularisation of knowledge on Polish history and culture abroad.
PL
Dom czynszowy przy ul. Marszałkowskiej 81 stanowi obecnie jedyny relikt przedwojennej zabudowy zachodniej pierzei północnego odcinka tej ulicy. Pierwotnie była to jedna z nielicznych warszawskich kamienic wzniesionych z pełnym zastosowaniem stylistyki secesyjnej na podstawie projektu uznanego architekta, Ludwika Panczakiewicza. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia historię powstania budynku, sylwetkę projektanta, architekturę kamienicy, uwzględniając przy tym aspekty konstrukcyjne i funkcjonalne, jej wystrój oraz wyposażenie, a także późniejsze dzieje obiektu w kontekście prowadzonej po 1945 r. przebudowy i odbudowy zniszczonej stolicy.
EN
Today, the tenement at 81 Marszałkowska st. is the only surviving relic of the group of pre-war buildings which had once formed the western frontage of the north section of the street. Back in its day, it used to be one of the few tenement houses in Warsaw whose design relied fully on the stylistic features of the Art Nouveau style, applied masterfully by the renowned architect, Ludwik Panczakiewicz. This article presents the history of the building’s origins, the profile of its designer, the architecture of the building itself – including the structural and functional aspects and its décor, fixtures and fittings – as well as the subsequent fate of the tenement in the context of the post-war reconstruction and redevelopment efforts.
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