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Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
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2024
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vol. 86
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issue 1
127-152
EN
The aim of this essay is to trace the discourse concerning the arrangement and furnishing of residential interiors in Poland in the 1970s and 1980s and the period of systemic transformation, which arose from the disillusionment with Modernist residential architecture and the earlier aesthetics of those interiors. The social need for changes in the arrangement and furnishing of interiors was to serve their individualisation; it questioned the universal values of official advice relating primarily to the rational and functional use of domestic space. The subject of the study is the analysis of practices related to interior decoration (the introduction of arches or wainscoting) and the use of old, antique and retro furniture. These practices are reflected and historically documented in the specialist press on interior design (including “Mój Dom” and “Dom” – a supplement to “Architektura”), as well as in published handbooks and the iconography contained therein. What emerges from their analysis is a picture of dwellings undergoing a re-composition in the spirit of attitudes defined as anti-Modernist and of a retro aesthetic based on the culture of memory.
PL
Celem niniejszego tekstu jest prześledzenie dyskursu dotyczącego aranżacji i wyposażenia polskich wnętrz mieszkalnych lat 70. i 80. XX w. oraz okresu transformacji ustrojowej, będącego wyrazem rozczarowania modernistyczną architekturą mieszkalną oraz jej dotychczasową estetyką. Społeczna potrzeba zmian w aranżacji i wyposażeniu wnętrz miała służyć ich indywidualizacji i kwestionowała uniwersalne wartości oficjalnego poradnictwa odnoszące się przede wszystkim do racjonalnego i funkcjonalnego wykorzystania domowej przestrzeni. Przedmiotem studium jest analiza praktyk związanych z wykończeniem wnętrz (wprowadzaniem łuków, boazeryjnych okładzin) oraz z ich wyposażaniem w sprzęty dawne (zarówno antyki, jak i tzw. starocie). Praktyki te znalazły odzwierciedlenie, a zarazem zostały historycznie udokumentowane w specjalistycznej prasie dotyczącej aranżacji wnętrz (m.in. „Mój Dom”, „Dom” – dodatek do „Architektury”), a także w publikowanych poradnikach i zawartej w nich ikonografii. Z ich analizy wyłania się obraz mieszkań poddawanych rekompozycji w duchu postaw definiowanych jako antymodernistyczne oraz estetyki retro opartej na kulturze pamięci.
EN
The cultural landscape of Vilnius cannot be fully presented without experiencing and describing Zwierzyniec District – a place which is unique from the point of view of wooden architecture lovers, with inimitable values deserving the highest recognition and promotion. In the general plan of Vilnius of 1848-1859, Zwierzyniec does not occur yet – it constituted then a private property situated beyond the city borders. Soon after it was included into the borders of Vilnius in 1901, a network of streets had been fully shaped, and most of the territory developed. In interwar period, the development was even extended, which also included a change in quality – as also brick houses were built. Before 1901, 14% of buildings came into being, 64% – before the World War I, 22% have been built since 1940. In 1938, only 20% of buildings in the district were of brick, the other were made of wood. After World War II, the district virtually remained unchanged – both the road layout as well as old buildings which create the familiar image of this cosy district maintained. The analysis of the process of shaping of this district allowed to confirm its harmonious development, using historical influences which formed over centuries and traditional lay of the land. The historical buildings still dominate – more than 60% of existing facilities are pre-war buildings. Preservation of authenticity of the district – its historical tissue, its plotting and authentic buildings becomes more and more urgent task in the face of proceeding changes and transformations, even if they are, fortunately, slow. Without protecting the most valuable elements of Zwierzyniec district, it would be impossible to retain the unique values of it for future generations.
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